灰枣不同栽培模式的产量构成与果实商品性评价  

Evaluation of yield components and fruit marketability of Ziziphus jujuba ’Huizao’ with different cultivation modes

作　　者：王文军 陈奇凌[1] 郑强卿[1] 花东来[1] 王晶晶[1] 王振东 WANG Wenjun;CHEN Qiling;ZHENG Qiangqing;HUA Donglai;WANG Jingjing;WANG Zhendong(Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第5期739-748,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团重大科技项目(2019AA004);南疆科研条件建设计划(2020DA004)。

摘　　要：[目的]着力解决枣生产模式混乱、生产效率低的突出问题,探索标准化枣生产栽培模式。[方法]通过改造传统栽培模式来创建新模式,其中M1、M2、M3模式树形分别为篱壁形、主干形和"Y"形,其株行距均为1.0 m×4.5 m,CK树形为小冠疏层形,株行距为1.0 m×1.5 m,采用方差分析、相关性分析、通径分析以及隶属函数综合评价等方法,对新老栽培模式的产量构成及果实商品性进行差异性比较,并分析其优劣性和可塑性。[结果]模式M1的一年生枝二次枝数及其枣吊数分别为6条·株^(-1)和39条·株^(-1),显著低于M2、M3和CK,其多年生枝枣吊数、单果质量、单株产量、商品率分别为332条·株^(-1)、7.92 g、4.52 kg·株^(-1)和68%,均显著高于M2、M3和CK;多年生的二次枝数、二次枝长度、枣吊数及其单果质量对各模式产量具有重大影响,一年生二次枝长度、多年生二次枝长度、一年生枝枣吊长度、多年生枝枣吊数及其长度、单果质量及单株产量与商品率显著相关;增加多年生枝枣吊数及单果质量,能促进商品率的提升。综合评价得分为:M1>M2>M3>CK。[结论]新模式中,M1和M2是更适合灰枣的种植模式且M1优势更突出,其次为M3,原模式CK的竞争力较弱。建议将M1、M2作为当地灰枣机械化生产的标准模式加以推广运用。[Objective]The study aimed to compare the production components and fruit marketability of different cultivation modes of Ziziphus jujuba‘Huizao’and establish new cultivation modes suitable for mechanized high-quality production in Xinjiang.[Methods]A orchard of Ziziphus jujuba‘Huizao’with traditional cultivation mode(small crown sparse layer pattern with spacing of 1.0 m×1.5 m),was established in 2015.At the beginning of 2017,the orchard was partially transformed into three new planting patterns,namely,hedge shape(M1),main trunk shape(M2)and Y-shape(M3)with spacing of1.0 m×4.5 m,and crown height at 2.5-3.0 m.The trees started bearing fruits in the same year.In 2019we evaluated e production components and fruit marketability of different cultivation modes.The original planting mode was used as the control(CK).Each model was set up with three repeated plots,and three trees with similar growth were selected from each of the four patterns in each plot.The yield composition and fruit commodity of different cultivation modes were evaluated by means of statistical analysis.[Results]Variance analysis showed that there were significant differences in the number and length of annual secondary branches,perennial secondary branches,annual branches and perennial branches among different cultivation modes.The number and length of annual secondary branches of M2 were significantly more than those of M1,M3 and CK.Among them,the number of annual secondary branches of M2 was 12 branches per plant,which was 100.0%,33.3%and 71.4%more than thoseof M1,M3 and CK,respectively.The length of annual secondary branches of M2 was 31.7%,38.5%and 50.0%longer than those of M1,M3 and CK.Compared with M1,M2 and M3,the number and length of perennial secondary branches of the CK was 12.0%,33.3%and 47.4%more than those of M1,M2 and M3.The length of perennial secondary branches of M2 was 20.0%,35.0%and 58.8%longer than those of M1,M3 and CK.The number of annual branches hanging of M2 was 148.7%,76.4%and162.2%more than those of M1,M3 and CK

关 键 词：灰枣 栽培模式 产量构成 新疆 综合评价 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]