我国不同种类柑橘养分状况及氮磷钾推荐用量研究  

Nutritional status of different citrus trees and the recommended dosages of N,P and K for citrus production in China

作　　者：刘小曼 刘晓东 刘伟栋 谭启玲[1,2] 胡承孝[1,2] 李进学[3] LIU Xiao-man;LIU Xiao-dong;LIU Wei-dong;TAN Qi-ling;HU Cheng-xiao;LI Jin-xue(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Microelement Research Center of Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]新型肥料湖北省工程实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,湖北武汉430070 [3]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山678000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第4期565-574,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0202000);国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系(CARS-26)。

摘　　要：【目的】调查不同种类柑橘果实矿质养分含量,结合土壤及树体养分含量状况,对我国主要种类柑橘进行推荐施肥研究。【方法】根据土壤类型、柑橘种类(宽皮柑橘类、甜橙类、柚类、柠檬类和杂柑类)、树龄及产量水平,将我国柑橘主产区湖北、湖南、江西、四川、广东、广西、福建、云南、浙江、陕西、重庆等11省(市、区)的柑橘园划分为1200个采样单元,每个采样单元为3.3~6.7 hm^(2),于2010—2017年在柑橘成熟期(9—12月),采集土壤、叶片及果实样品,调查柑橘产量、施肥量,分析叶片养分含量、土壤速效氮磷钾含量,并依据柑橘产量进行氮磷钾肥施用量及施用比例的推荐。【结果】低产水平果园氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))、钾(K_(2)O)肥推荐用量:宽皮柑橘类分别为189.75~253.00、76.20~96.13、133.20~159.84 kg/hm^(2),甜橙类分别为176.94~235.92、101.02~123.47、128.03~153.64 kg/hm^(2);柚类分别为134.76~179.68、69.04~84.38、125.21~150.25 kg/hm^(2);柠檬类分别为91.33~121.77、55.43~67.75、79.68~95.62 kg/hm^(2);杂柑类分别为109.42~145.89、70.06~85.63、93.18~111.81 kg/hm^(2)。中产水平果园氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))、钾(K_(2)O)肥推荐用量:宽皮柑橘类分别为216.86~337.33、83.82~139.70、145.31~245.91 kg/hm^(2);甜橙类分别为202.22~314.56、111.12~185.20、139.67~236.37 kg/hm^(2);柚类分别为154.01~239.57、75.95~126.58、136.59~231.15 kg/hm^(2);柠檬类分别为104.37~162.36、60.98~101.63、86.92~147.10 kg/hm^(2);杂柑类分别为125.05~194.52、77.07~128.45、101.65~172.02 kg/hm^(2)。高产水平果园氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))、钾(K_(2)O)肥推荐用量:宽皮柑橘类分别为303.60~474.38、118.06~190.50、222.00~330.00 kg/hm^(2);甜橙类分别为283.10~442.35、156.51~252.55、213.39~320.08 kg/hm^(2);柚类分别为215.62~336.90、106.96~172.60、208.68~313.01kg/hm^(2);柠檬类分别为146.12~243.54、85.88~147.82、132.80~212.48 kg/hm^(2);杂柑类分别为175.07~273.54、108.55~1【Objectives】Mineral nutrient contents in citrus fruits,as well as the fertility status of citrus orchard soils were investigated across China,specific fertilizer rates of nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium were proposed for each type of citrus in China.【Methods】The main species of citrus in China included mandarin,sweet orange,pomelo,lemon and hetero-citrus.The citrus production belt was spread across 11 provinces and were divided into 1200 sampling units,based on the soil type and orchard age;each sampling unit was 3.3-6.7 hm^(2).From 2010 to 2017,soil and leaf samples were collected for nutrient content analysis.The fertilizer dosage and fruit yields were investigated at the same time.【Results】The recommended amounts of N,P,and K fertilizers(N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O,kg/hm^(2) respectively)for low-fertility orchards were:mandarin orange 189.75-253.00,76.20-93.13 and 133.20-159.84;sweet orange 176.94-235.92,101.02-123.47 and 128.03-153.64;pomelo134.76-179.68,69.04-84.38,125.21-150.25;lemon 91.33-121.77,55.43-67.75 and 79.68-95.62;hetero-citrus109.42-145.89,70.06-85.63 and 93.18-111.81.The recommended amounts of N,P,and K fertilizers(N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O,kg/hm^(2) respectively)in the medium-fertility orchard were:mandarin orange 216.86-337.33,83.82-139.70 and 145.31-245.91;sweet orange 202.22-314.56,111.12-185.20 and 139.67-236.37;pomelo154.01-239.57,75.95-126.58 and 136.59-231.15;lemon 104.37-162.36,60.98-101.63 and 86.92-147.10;hetero-citrus 125.05-194.52,77.07-128.45 and 101.65-172.02.The recommended dosages of N,P,and K fertilizers(N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O,kg/hm^(2) respectively)for high-fertility orchards were:mandarin orange 303.60-474.38,118.06-190.50 and 222.00-330.00;sweet orange 283.10-442.35,156.51-252.55 and 213.39-320.08;pomelo 215.62-336.90,106.96-172.60 and 208.68-313.01;lemons 146.12-243.54,85.88-147.82 and132.80-212.48;hetero-citrus 175.07-273.54,108.55-175.16 and 155.29-232.94.【Conclusions】Among the 5 citrus species,mandarin orange requires the highest N and K fertilizers and sweet orange re

关 键 词：柑橘 果实养分含量 土壤速效养分含量 养分分配系数 推荐施肥量 氮磷钾配比 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]