含氯化肥不同施用量对猕猴桃产量和品质的影响及其后效  

Residual effects of chloride-containing fertilizers on kiwifruit yield and quality

作　　者：杨莉莉[1] 高义民[1] 张金水[1] 王兴梅 同延安[1] YANG Li-li;GAO Yi-min;ZHANG Jin-shui;WANG Xing-mei;TONG Yan-an(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi,712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第4期575-582,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2017YFD0200106)。

摘　　要：【目的】猕猴桃为喜氯作物,充足的含氯肥料能提高猕猴桃产量。研究猕猴桃的适宜含氯肥料用量,及过量施用含氯肥料是否会影响猕猴桃的产量及其后效,为猕猴桃园合理施用含氯肥料提供科学依据。【方法】在猕猴桃(Actinidia deliciosa)园设置不同用量含氯化肥试验,共设5个施氯水平0 (Cl-0)、170 (Cl-170)、340 (Cl-340)、910 (Cl-910)、1480 (Cl-1480) kg/hm^(2),2014—2017年连续施用3年后,停止施用含氯肥料两年后(2018和2019年),取样分析猕猴桃产量、品质、植株和土壤氯离子含量。【结果】停用含氯肥料两年后,Cl-170、Cl-340、Cl-910处理比Cl-0处理的猕猴桃产量分别增加7.5%、11.9%、18.0%,Cl-1480处理的产量与CK持平;Cl-910、Cl-1480处理的猕猴桃果实Vc含量与Cl-0处理无显著差异。在2017年,除Cl-170处理的叶片外,施氯处理的猕猴桃叶片、枝条、果实中的氯离子含量均显著高于Cl-0处理,叶片、枝条和果实中的氯离子含量随着施氯量的增加而增加;2019年,除Cl-1480处理的枝条和果实外,其余处理枝、叶、果实中氯离子含量与Cl-0处理没有显著差异。2017年,Cl-170、Cl-340、Cl-910、Cl-1480处理Cl^(-)在0—100 cm土层没有累积,100cm以下土层土壤Cl^(-)含量随施氯量的增加而增加;2019年,0—300 cm土层未见氯离子积累。【结论】在本试验条件下,施用含氯肥料不会引起0—100 cm土层中氯离子的积累。施用适量含氯肥料(170 kg/hm^(2))可显著提高当年猕猴桃产量和品质。连续3年过量施用含氯肥料(910和1480 kg/hm^(2))显著提高了植株叶片、枝条和果实中的Cl^(-)含量,降低了猕猴桃产量和果实Vc含量,停止施用含氯肥料后,该不利影响随即消失,且施用含氯肥料910 kg/hm^(2)较不施含氯肥料仍有显著增产效果。因此,建议在猕猴桃果园施用适量含氯肥料;当含氯肥料施用严重过量时,可停止施用含氯肥料两年,可在维持较高的猕猴桃产量�【Objectives】Kiwifruit(Actinidia deliciosa)is a chlorine-preferring plant,and appropriate amount of chloride-containing fertilizer can increase the yield of kiwifruit.Thus,we studied the effect of Cl^(-)-containing fertilizer on kiwifruit to understand best application rate of Cl^(-)-containing fertilizer on the yield of kiwifruit,to provide scientific basis for the rational application of chloride-containing fertilizers in kiwifruit orchard.【Methods】We applied Cl^(-)containing fertilizers to kiwifruit orchard for three consecutive years(2014-2017).The five application levels of chlorine were:0 kg/hm^(2)(Cl-0),170 kg/hm^(2)(Cl-170),340 kg/hm^(2)(Cl-340),910 kg/hm^(2)(Cl-910)and 1480 kg/hm^(2)(Cl-1480).The fruit yield,quality and soil Cl^(-)content in 0-300 cm soil depth were monitored in 2017 and two years after cessation of Cl^(-)-containing fertilizer application(2018-2019).【Results】In 2019,Cl-170,Cl-340,and Cl-910 treatments increased fruit yield by 7.5%,11.9%and 18.0%,respectively,while the fruit yield in Cl-1480 was similar to that in Cl-0.The Cl^(-)contents in shoots,leaves and fruits in Cl-170,Cl-340 and Cl-910 were similar to that in Cl-0.The Cl^(-)contents in fruits and branches in Cl-1480 were significantly higher than those in Cl-0.The Cl^(-)accumulated in 100-300 cm soil depth,regardless of application levels of Cl^(-)containing fertilizer and application years.Complete leaching of Cl^(-)in the soil was detected at two years after cessation of Cl^(-)-containing fertilizer application.【Conclusions】We found Cl-170 was the best chloride-containing fertilizers(170 kg/hm^(2))that improved the yield and quality of kiwifruit,with relatively low accumulation of chloride ion in soil and plant.Higher rates of chloride-containing fertilizers(Cl 910 and 1480 kg/hm^(2))resulted in decrease in yield and fruit Vc content,but these adverse effects disappeared immediately after the cessation of fertilizer application.Moreover,the residual effect of chloride-containing fertilizers is good for fruit yield

关 键 词：含氯肥料 猕猴桃 产量 品质 氯离子含量 后效 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]