老年性聋患者的听力损失程度、言语识别能力与认知功能的相关性分析  

Correlation between the Degree of Hearing Loss Speech Recognition and Cognitive Function in Senile Deafness Patients

作　　者：代蕴冰 刘新颖 孟冉 李晓瑜[1] DAI Yun-bing;LIU Xin-ying;MENG Ran;LI Xiao-yu

机构地区：[1]济宁医学院附属医院,济宁272129

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2021年第3期208-211,共4页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

基　　金：山东省中医药科技发展计划项目(2019-0473);济宁医学院教师扶持基金(JYFC2018FKJ157)。

摘　　要：目的探究老年性聋患者听力损失程度、言语识别能力与认知功能的相关性。方法选择2018年7月~2020年6月我院治疗的100例老年性聋患者为研究组,同期选择100例健听者为对照组,采用纯音听阈测试、言语识别阈测试和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(montreal cognitive assessment scale,MoCA)评估老年性聋患者听力损伤程度、言语识别能力和认知功能,采用Spearman相关性分析老年性聋患者听力损伤程度、言语识别能力与认知功能的相关性。结果研究组发生认知功能障碍的风险为54%,显著高于对照组(30%),MoCA总分和各项目评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);老年性聋患者在性别、工作性质、吸烟史、饮酒史及居住地区的MoCA评分无显著差异(P>0.05),但在年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况等评分存在显著差异(P<0.05);年龄、受教育程度、听力损失程度、耳聋病程与MoCA评分呈显著性负相关(R=-0.274、-2.613、-7.268、-6.117,P<0.05),婚姻状况、配戴助听器、言语识别率及居住情况与MoCA评分呈显著性正相关(R=6.578、2.185、7.415、5.312,P<0.05);年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、听力损失程度、言语识别率、耳聋病程及是否配戴助听器是影响老年性聋患者认知功能的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论应及时对老年性聋患者上述相关因素进行监测,做到早发现、早诊断和早治疗。Objective To explore the correlation between the degree of hearing loss,speech recognition ability and cognitive function in senile deafness patients.Method 100 normal patients with senile deafness treated from July 2018 to June 2020 in our hospital were selected as the study group,and 100 hearing persons were selected as the control group during the same time.The pure tone threshold test,speech recognition threshold test and Montreal cognitive assessment scale(MoCA)were applied to assess the degree of hearing impairment,speech recognition ability and cognitive function of the participants.Spearman correlation analysis was also used to explore the correlation between hearing impairment degree,speech recognition ability and cognitive function in patients with senile deafness.Results The risk of cognitive impairment was significantly higher in the study group(54%)than in the control group(30%),and the total score of MoCA and the scores of each item of the study group were significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the MoCA scores of patients with senile deafness in gender,occupational nature,smoking history,drinking history,and residential area(P>0.05),but there were significant differences in the scores of age,education,marital status,etc.(P<0.05).Age,education level,degree of hearing loss and course of deafness were negatively correlated with MoCA score(R=-0.274,-2.613,-7.268,-6.117,P<0.05);marital status,hearing aid wearing,speech recognition rate and residence status were positively correlated with MoCA score(R=6.578,2.185,7.415,5.312,P<0.05).Age,education level,marital status,degree of hearing impairment,speech recognition rate,course of hearing loss and wearing hearing aid were independent risk factors for cognitive function in patients with senile deafness(P<0.05).Conclusion The above related factors should be timely monitored in clinical practice to achieve early detection,early diagnosis and early treatment.

关 键 词：老年性聋 听力损失程度 言语识别能力 认知功能 相关性分析 

分 类 号：R764.436[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]