财政支出政策会改善区域发展不平衡吗?——基于地方竞争框架下的讨论  

Will Fiscal Spending Policies Improve Regional Balances?——Based on the Discussion under the Framework of Local Competition

作　　者：张明源 Zhang Mingyuan(University of Chinese Academy of Social Science,Beijing 102400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学世界经济与政治系,北京102400

出　　处：《当代经济管理》2021年第2期81-89,共9页Contemporary Economic Management

摘　　要：改革开放以来,谋求区域平衡发展成为我国经济发展的目标之一,能否发挥财政政策的区域效应关乎我国长期经济增长与稳定。因此,需要准确评估财政政策的有效性。现有文献利用动态一般均衡模型估测财政政策乘数时忽略了我国特色的地区竞争机制。“锦标赛”式的地区经济竞争在我国经济增长过程中扮演着重要角色,地区间的财政竞争模式对地区经济增长具有深刻影响,忽略该机制会造成研究结果的偏差。研究发现:第一,当不存在地区竞争机制时,欠发达地区政府的公共投资政策可以有效促进当地以及全国地区的产出增长,在一定程度上会缩小区域发展差距。第二,当存在地区竞争机制时,欠发达地区政府的公共投资政策产出效应会被削弱,无法实现谋求区域平衡发展与缩小区域差距的政策目标。第三,随着地区竞争程度的加剧,政府支出的产出效应出现分化,欠发达地区的生产性公共投资乘数由4.09降为3.10,而发达地区的生产性公共投资乘数由3.86升为4.86,会加剧区域发展不平衡的矛盾。中央政府如果试图兼顾财政政策的“效率”与“公平”目标,避免地区间盲目竞争,改革政府工作的评价指标体系是当务之急。Since the reform and opening up,seeking regional balanced development has become one of the goals of China s economic development.Whether the regional effect of fiscal policy can be brought into play is related to China s long-term economic growth and stability.Therefore,the effectiveness of fiscal policy needs to be accurately assessed.The existing literature ignores the regional competition mechanism with Chinese characteristics when using dynamic general equilibrium model to estimate the multiplier of fiscal policy.“Championship”regional economic competition plays an important role in the process of China s economic growth.The mode of financial competition among regions has a profound impact on regional economic growth.Ignoring this mechanism will result in the deviation of research results.The research finds that:when there is no regional competition mechanism,the public investment policies of the governments of underdeveloped regions can effectively promote the output growth of the localregions and the whole country,and to a certain extent,narrow the regional development gap;When there is a regional competition mechanism,the output effect of the public investment policies of the governments of underdeveloped regions will be weakened,and the policy goals of seeking balanced development and narrowing the regional gap will not be realized;With the intensification of regional competition,the output effect of government expenditure diverges.The multiplier of productive public investment in less developed regions drops from 4.09 to 3.10,while the multiplier of productive public investment in developed regions rises from 3.86 to 4.86,which will aggravate the unbalanced regional development.If the central government tries to balance the“efficiency”and“fairness”of the fiscal policy and avoid blind competition among regions,it is urgent to reform the evaluation index system of the government work.

关 键 词：财政分权 地区间竞争 财政支出乘数 区域平衡战略 

分 类 号：F127[经济管理—世界经济] F812.45