服务外包程度与粮食生产效率提升:农机作业外包更具优势吗?  

Outsourcing Degree of Service and the Improvement of Grain Production Efficiency:Is Outsourcing Agricultural Machinery More Efficient?

作　　者：武舜臣 宦梅丽 马婕 Wu Shunchen;Huan Meili;Ma Jie(Rural Development Institute,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China;College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Center for Food Security and Strategic Studies,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732 [2]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [3]南京财经大学粮食安全与战略研究中心,江苏南京210003

出　　处：《当代经济管理》2021年第3期49-56,共8页Contemporary Economic Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目《粮食收储制度市场化改革研究》(18CJY035);中国国家留学基金委(201906350142)

摘　　要：农业机械化是提升粮食生产效率的重要途径。基于2014年、2016年的中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)混合截面数据,考察了农机作业外包程度对粮食生产效率的影响差异。研究结果表明:机械化耕种对粮食生产效率表现出有限的正向影响,且该结果与差异化农机作业方式密切相关。相比于购置农机的自我服务,服务外包程度越高,机械化耕种对粮食生产效率的提升作用越弱。进一步分析发现,农机作业外包的正向作用随农地经营面积的增加而提升,当经营面积超过某一阈值,农机作业外包将反超购置农机的自我服务,在提升粮食生产效率方面发挥更大作为。此外,非市场化性质鲜明的统一机耕服务表现出拉大农机作业外包比较劣势,不利于农机社会化服务发展的特征。Agricultural mechanization is an important way to improve the efficiency of grain production.Based on the mixed cross-sectional data of the China Labor Force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)in 2014 and 2016,this paper examines the impact of the degree of agricultural machinery operation outsourcing on grain production efficiency.The results of the study indicate that mechanized farming has a limited positive effect on food production efficiency,and the result is closely related to the differentiated agricultural machinery operation methods.Compared with purchasing agricultural machinery,the higher the degree of service outsourcing,the weaker it improves the efficiency of grain production.Further analysis finds that the positive effect of agricultural machinery outsourcing increases with the increase in the area of agricultural land.When the management area exceeds a certain threshold,the positive effect of agricultural machinery outsourcing will overtake that of purchasing agricultural machinery.Thus the agricultural machinery outsourcing will play a greater role in improving the efficiency of food production.In addition,the non-market-oriented unified mechanical farming service expands the comparative disadvantage of the outsourcing of agricultural machinery operations,which is not conducive to the development of agricultural machinery social services.

关 键 词：农业机械化 农机作业外包 农机购置 粮食生产效率 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济] F326.11