剑麻和蕉麻纤维定性鉴别  

Qualitative Identification of Sisal and Manila Fiber

作　　者：姜华 张祚 梁洋杰 熊海鹰 刘超 皮莎莎 雷劲宇 JIANG Hua;ZHANG Zuo;Yangjie;XIONG Haiying;LIU Chao;PI Shasha;LEI Jinyu(Hunan Fiber Inspection Ofice/National Ramie Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center,Changsha,Hunan 410117,China;Hitachi Instruments(Shanghai)Co.,LId,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省纤维检验局/国家苎麻产品质量监督检验中心,湖南长沙410117 [2]日立仪器(上海)有限公司,上海201203

出　　处：《中国麻业科学》2021年第2期73-79,共7页Plant Fiber Sciences in China

摘　　要：麻类纤维的鉴别一直是纺织纤维鉴别中的难点。剑麻和蕉麻由于性质和结构十分相似,二者很难通过普通的方法进行定性鉴别。文章运用纤维细度仪和扫描电镜,比较分析剑麻和蕉麻脱胶前的束纤维和脱胶后的单纤维纵截面和横截面形态特征。在纤维细度仪下:剑麻束纤维纵截面横节、横条纹明显,蕉麻透光性更好;剑麻单纤维纵截面立体饱满,横节、横纹多,蕉麻中腔大且基本无间断,在某些纤维中腔内有横条纹;蕉麻束纤维横截面有的呈扁圆形,中腔更大;剑麻单纤维横截面多为多边形,蕉麻多为扁圆形,中腔更大。扫描电镜下:剑麻束纤维纵截面有大裂缝、纵条纹和横节,呈较规则的砖块纹路,蕉麻有较小的裂纹;剑麻束纤维横截面整体呈不规则的扇形状,中腔小,蕉麻整体呈近似圆形状,中腔大;蕉麻单纤维横截面呈扁圆形、腰圆形,中腔大。研究表明,剑麻和蕉麻在纤维细度仪和扫描电镜下均有比较明显的特征,可以通过该方法实现剑麻和蕉麻的准确定性鉴别。The identification of fibers has always been a difficult point in the identification of textile fibers.The properties and structure of sisal and manila are very similar,so it is difficult to identify them qualitatively by ordinary methods.In this paper,fiber fineness meter and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the morphological specificity of longitudinal section and cross section before and after degumming of sisal and manila.Under the fiber fineness meter:for the longitudinal section of the bundle fiber,the sisal had obvious transverse nodes and horizontal stripe,while the manila had better light transmittance;for the longitudinal section of single fiber,the sisal was three-dimensional and full,with many transverse nodes and horizontal stripes,while the manila had large and uninterrupted cavity and some fibers had horizontal stripes in the cavity;for the cross section of the bundle fiber,some of manila fibers had oblate and larger cavity;for the cross section of single fiber,sisal was mostly polygonal,while the manila was mostly oblate and the cavity was larger.Under the scanning electron microscope:for the longitudinal section of the bundle fiber,the sisal had large cracks,longitudinal stripes and transverse nodes,which showed regular brick pattern,while the manila had small cracks;for the cross section of bundle fiber,the sisal assumed irregular fan shape with small cavity,while the manila assumed approximate round shape with large cavity;for the cross section of single fiber,the manila was oblate or waist round with large cavity.The reseach results showed that sisal and manila had obvious characteristics under fiber fineness and scanning electron microscope,so this method could be used to realize the accurate qualitative identification of sisal and manila.

关 键 词：剑麻 蕉麻 定性鉴别 

分 类 号：S563.8[农业科学—作物学] S563.9