区块链技术视角下个人数据权保护的模式转向  

The Change of Models for Protection of Personal Data Right from the Perspective of Blockchain Technology

作　　者：曹晟旻 CAO Shengmin

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学马克思主义学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学法学博士后科研流动站,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《思想战线》2021年第3期152-162,共11页Thinking

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究专项“个人数据权保护模式研究”阶段性成果(20CSDJ68);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“总体国家安全观视阈下的基因隐私权保护研究”阶段性成果(20YJC820004)。

摘　　要：个人数据权保护需完成从隐私权到知情权、从占有权到使用权,以及从绝对权到相对权的转向。区块链技术视角的引入能切实破解其间可能遇到的障碍和阻力,极大地激发了知情同意模式下个人数据权保护的长处和优势,使处于不同节点的主体真正有能力掌控自身数据,增强其彼此间的信任度,降低各自担负的成本支出。借助区块链构建点对点的分布式结构,同时运用密钥、智能合约、哈希函数等技术手段,能有效适应个人数据权保护的相对性要求。伴随个人数据的价值在动态使用过程中愈加凸显,区块链技术的引入使数据流动变得更为明确、有序和开放。随着个人数据权保护模式转向的日趋明显,个人数据权保护需妥善处理制度理性与技术理性的关系,使区块链所代表的治理方式与手段更好地配合法律规范的制定和运行。There is a need for protection of personal data right to change from a model based on privacy to one based on the right to know,from the the right of possession to the right of use,and from absolute right to relative right.The introduction of the blockchain technology perspective can effectively remove the obstacles and resistances that may be encountered,and greatly enhance the strengths and ad⁃vantages of personal data right protection following the model of informed consent,thus allowing individ⁃ual subjects to exercise real control over their personal data,promote mutual trust,and reduce costs.The use of the point-to-point distribution structure provided by blockchain technology and other technical means like secret keys,smart contracts and hash functions will help gratify the relative needs for personal data right protection.As the value of personal data becomes more prominent in its dynamic use,the introduction of the blockchain technology will make the flow of data clearer,more orderly and open.The protection of personal data right needs to handle the relationship between institutional ration⁃ality and technical rationality properly,so that the methods and means of governance represented by the blockchain technology can be better in line with the formulation and operation of legal norms.

关 键 词：区块链 个人数据 知情同意 相对权 技术理性 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]