区域污染负荷特征与控制分析:以宁夏沿黄经济带为例  

Analysis on regional pollution load characteristics and control: A case of Ningxia Economic Belt Along Yellow River

作　　者：张芮 汪林[1] 贾玲[1] 杨贵羽[1] ZHANG Rui;WANG Lin;JIA Ling;YANG Guiyu(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2021年第3期83-93,共11页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC0408101);中国工程科技发展宁夏战略研究院重大咨询研究项目(2018ZLZX0008)。

摘　　要：2017年以来宁夏13条主要入黄排水沟水质基本为劣Ⅴ类,迫切需要推进宁夏沿黄经济带污染防控,保障沿黄城市群高质量绿色发展乃至黄河流域生态安全。针对宁夏沿黄经济带现状污染分析中未考虑污染物入河过程中的减少和点面源污染总体分析不足的问题,以TN、TP、COD、氨氮为污染负荷指标,采用统计数据和考虑入河系数的输出系数法,分析区域污染负荷特征,诊断主要污染源,计算分析点面源污染物排放量和入河量,进行污染物入河量控制分析,提出污染防控的重点和策略。研究表明:2017年研究区TN、TP、COD、氨氮排放量分别为2.23万t、0.15万t、6.16万t、1.00万t,入河量分别为1.03万t、0.03万t、3.31万t、0.44万t,城镇生活污水、农田化肥污染、工业污染物入河量分别占入河总量的55.9%、26.6%和14.7%。污染防控主要策略是城镇污水处理厂出水水质提标至准Ⅳ类,可削减污染物至现状的60.8%;农田亩均化肥折纯量控制在15kg以下,可削减污染物入河量至现状的32%;宁东能源化工基地和工业园区实行近零排放。研究结果为宁夏沿黄经济带生态保护和污染防控治理提供技术支持。Since 2017, the water qualities of 13 main drainage ditches flowing into the Yellow River in Ningxia basically belong to inferior water quality of the class V, thus the pollution prevention and control of Ningxia Economic Belt along the Yellow River are urgent to be pushed forward for guaranteeing the high-quality green development of the city group along the Yellow River as well as the ecological safety of the Yellow River Basin. Aiming at the problem that both the reduction of pollutant during the process of flowing into the river and the insufficient overall analysis on the point and non-point source pollutions are not considered in the analysis of the current pollution of Ningxia Economic Belt along the Yellow River, the regional pollution load characteristics is analyzed herein by means of the relevant statistical data and the river load ratio-considered export coefficient method through taking total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), chemical oxygen demand(COD) and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N) as the pollution load indexes, and then the main pollution sources are diagnosed, the discharging amounts of the point and non-point source pollutants and their inflowing amounts into the river are analyzed and calculated, while the analysis on the control of the inflowing amount of pollutant into the river is carried out, from which the key point and strategy for the pollution prevention and control are put forward as well. The study shows that in 2017, the discharging amounts of TN, TP, COD and NH3-N within the study area are 22 310.2 tons, 1 455.9 tons, 61 601.5 tons, and 10 022.1 tons with the inflowing amounts into the river of about 10 300.0 tons, 300.0 tons, 33,100.0 tons, and 4 400.0 tons respectively, while the inflowing amounts of urban domestic sewage, farmland fertilizer pollution, industrial pollutants into the river account for 55.9%, 26.6% and 14.7% of the total. The main strategy of pollution prevention and control is to upgrade the effluent quality of urban sewage treatment plant to the quasi-class IV for

关 键 词：水污染防治 入河量 输出系数法 面源污染 点源污染 宁夏沿黄经济带 水质 人类活动 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]