广西宁明花山岩画本体表层岩体开裂机制分析  

Analysis on the Cracking Mechanism of the Surface Layer on Huashan Rock Painting in Ningming,Guangxi

作　　者：陈嘉琦 王金华 严绍军 方云[3] CHEN Jiaqi;WANG Jinhua;YAN Shaojun;FANG Yun(Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;Shaanxi Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage, Xi'an Shaanxi 710075, China;Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan Hubei 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系,上海200433 [2]陕西省文物保护研究院,陕西西安710075 [3]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期157-165,共9页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(19YJAZH088)。

摘　　要：花山岩画本体表层岩体开裂是对岩画造成直接破坏的主要病害类型之一.为进一步研究开裂成因,本文通过对岩画本体表层岩体特征进行调查统计分析,并与光照度、开裂体与完整岩石的温度、岩石内部温度梯度监测数据关联性进行了分析研究,对开裂体裂隙间的盐类进行了取样检测,从地质构造、岩石温度场及水盐作用3个方面分析了花山岩画本体表层开裂的原因.结果表明:断层的构造运动作用使岩画表层岩体产生隐性裂隙,是表层岩体开裂的内因;温度场及其应力作用是诱发隐性裂隙开裂发展的外因;岩体温湿度的变化在裂隙间形成的凝结水造成裂隙间芒硝、泻利盐、石膏的形成、积聚和相态的变化,加剧了表层岩体的开裂过程.本研究深化了对花山岩画本体表层岩体开裂病害形成的影响因素及机理的认识,为花山岩画保护提供理论依据.The cracking of the surface layer is one of the most serious deterioration to Huashan Rock Painting.Three factors including geological structure,temperature stress,and salt crystallisation would be studied to understand the cracking mechanism of Huashan Rock Painting.For this purpose,the occurrence of cracks in the rock painting area were investigated;The illumination and the temperature of crust,surface of rocks and interior rocks in the range of 0—50 cm were monitored;The salt in the area were investigated,sampled and tested.The results indicate that faults cause tiny cracks in the rock,which is the internal cause of cracking;The change of pressure gradient caused by temperature in the rock is an external factor that induces and accelerates the development of tiny cracks;Condensed water is easily formed on the surface of the rock painting due to the temperature and humidity difference between the rock and the environment,which makes mirabilite,diarrhea salt,and gypsum crystallize,intensifying the cracking process.The research helps understand the factors and the mechanism of the cracking deterioration,and provides a theoretical basis for promoting the protection of Huashan Rock Painting.

关 键 词：表层岩体 温度场 温度应力 开裂机制 

分 类 号：K879.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]