光伏板对中华绒螯蟹养殖环境和生长的影响研究  

Research on the Effect of Photovoltaic Panels on the Water Environment and Growth Performance of Eriocheir sinensis

作　　者：牛超 吴立峰 庞杨洋 杨筱珍[1,2,3] 宋亚猛 宋晓哲 石敖雅 石兴亮 成永旭[1,2,3] 吴宗文 NIU Chao;WU Lifeng;PANG Yangyang;YANG Xiaozhen;SONG Yameng;SONG Xiaozhe;SHI Aoya;SHI Xingliang;CHENG Yongxu;WU Zongwen(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Tongwei New Energy Technology(Beijing)Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100000,China;Tongwei New Energy Co.,Ltd,Chengdu Sichuang 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [4]通威新能源科技(北京)有限公司,北京100000 [5]通威新能源有限公司,四川成都610000

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期253-261,共9页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900105);上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心能力提升项目(19DZ2284300);农业部现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-48);国家自然科学基金(41876190)。

摘　　要：光伏发电作为清洁能源近年来不断取得发展,土地等有限资源限制光伏发电的发展,将中华绒螯蟹养殖同光伏发电结合起来是一种综合利用资源的新尝试,然而光伏板对中华绒螯蟹养殖环境及生长有无影响尚无研究.因此,本研究于2019年4月到10月,在通威南京龙袍“蟹光一体”养殖基地,检测了光伏板的存在对养殖环境和中华绒螯蟹生长情况的影响.实验设置了光伏区和非光伏区4组重复.通过检测光伏区和非光伏区养殖水体光照强度、水温、溶解氧以及伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)生长等指标,评估了其对水环境、伊乐藻和中华绒螯蟹生长的影响,结果显示:1)光伏板存在显著降低了水面、水下20 cm以及水底的光照强度(P<0.05),但其不影响中华绒螯蟹正常生长,同时光伏区水体温度显著低于非光伏区(P<0.05);2)光伏板的存在影响了6、7月份伊乐藻根系生长,但能够有效避免高温季节对伊乐藻生长的不利影响;3)光伏板存在导致水体溶解氧显著低于非光伏区(P<0.05),但实验组的平均溶解氧含量都高于5 mg/L,能满足中华绒螯蟹正常生长所需溶解氧含量;4)光伏区雄蟹体重、体长以及体宽增长显著高于非光伏区(P<0.05),同时也有利于雌蟹的生长发育.As a clean energy,photovoltaic power system has continued to develop in recent years.Limited resources such as land restrict the development of Photovoltaic.Combining Eriocheir sinensis farming with Photovoltaic system is a new attempt to comprehensively utilize resources.There is no research on the impact of breeding environment and growth.In order to research the effects of photovoltaic panels on regulation of the growth performance of Eriocheir sinensis,we divided crabs into the non-photovoltaic panels area(control group,4 purse seines without photovoltaic panel)and the photovoltaic area(experiment group,4 purse seines under photovoltaic panels)in the Tongwei Nanjing Longpao breeding base from April to October in 2019.We recorded the light intensity,water temperature,dissolved oxygen,Eriocheir sinensis and Elodea nuttallii growth performance in the control group and experiment group.Our results showed that photovoltaic panels significantly reduced the light intensity on the water surface,underwater 20 cm,and the bottom of the water(P<0.05),but did not affect the necessary light intensity of the crab's normal growth.And the photovoltaic area's water temperature was significantly lower than the non-photovoltaic area's(P<0.05).Photovoltaic panels reduced the root growth of E.nuttallii in June and July,but effectively avoided the adverse effects of high temperature season(August)on the growth of E.nuttallii.We detected that the dissolved oxygen under photovoltaic panels was significantly lower than the non-photovoltaic area(P<0.05),however,the average dissolved oxygen content of photovoltaic area was higher than 5 mg/L which could satisfy the normal growth of crabs.The growth of body weight,body length and body width of the male crab in photovoltaic area was significantly higher than non-photovoltaic area(P<0.05).

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 光伏板 伊乐藻 光照强度 水温 溶解氧 

分 类 号：S968.25[农业科学—水产养殖]