铁路隧道施工废水处理存在的问题  

Problems of Wastewater Treatment in Railway Tunnel Construction

作　　者：薛正 XUE Zheng(China Railway Economic and Planning Research Institute,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司,北京100038

出　　处：《铁道建筑》2021年第4期57-61,共5页Railway Engineering

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(K2020Z001)。

摘　　要：通过对西南、西北等地区典型钻爆法铁路隧道施工废水的水质调研,隧道废水的主要污染物为悬浮物和碱性物质,石油类、氨氮、总磷等不是主要污染物。从隧道施工废水量计算方法、隧道废水处理工艺、现有废水处理设备和工艺的处理效率、清污分流技术四个方面对目前铁路隧道施工废水处理存在的问题进行了详细分析,发现平均流量法和比流量法两种隧道施工废水量计算方法所得结果存在较大误差,同时现有的隧道废水处理的设计参数多借鉴生活污水和高浊度水处理,未能充分考虑隧道废水的水质特性。建议通过长期废水量监测,探究合理的废水量预测方法,同时针对隧道废水的水质特征开展相关基础试验,进而确定各处理单元的相关参数;在地形复杂、场坪面积有限、大流量废水须处理的隧道洞口可采用新型高效废水处理设备或新工艺;根据不同正洞及辅助坑道的顺坡及反坡排水特征,研究和制定钻爆法施工和TBM法施工隧道排水清污分流技术,从源头减少废水产生,降低废水处理成本,有效保护沿线水环境。According to the investigation on the water quality of typical drilling and blasting railway tunnel construction wastewater in Southwest and Northwest China,the main pollutants of tunnel wastewater are suspended solids and alkaline substances,while petroleum,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus are not the main pollutants.The problems existing in the treatment of the current railway tunnel construction wastewater were analyzed in detail from four aspects,including that the calculation method of tunnel construction wastewater quantity,the tunnel wastewater treatment process,the treatment efficiency of the existing wastewater treatment equipment and process,and the separation technology of clean water and sewage.It is found that there is a large error in the results obtained by the average flow method and the specific flow method.At the same time,the existing design parameters of tunnel wastewater treatment mostly refer to domestic sewage and high turbidity water treatment,which fails to fully consider the water quality characteristics of tunnel wastewater.It is suggested that through long-term monitoring of wastewater quantity,reasonable wastewater quantity prediction method should be explored,and relevant basic tests should be carried out according to the water quality characteristics of tunnel wastewater,so as to determine the relevant parameters of each treatment unit.New high efficiency wastewater treatment equipment or new technology can be used in tunnel portal with complex terrain,limited area of site and large flow wastewater.According to the drainage characteristics of different main tunnels and auxiliary tunnels along the slope and reverse slope,the technologies of drilling and blasting method and TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine)method for tunnel drainage and separation technology of clean water and sewage are studied and formulated to reduce the generation of wastewater from the source,reduce the cost of wastewater treatment,and effectively protect the water environment along the line.

关 键 词：铁路隧道 废水处理 水质调研 水量监测 处理规模 清污分流 平均流量法 比流量法 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]