滇东南泸江流域岩溶地下水质量及污染影响因素研究  

A Study of Quality and Pollution Factors of Karst Groundwater in Lujiang River Basin in Southeast Yunnan

作　　者：王波 王宇 张贵 张华 代旭升 康晓波 WANG Bo;WANG Yu;ZHANG Gui;ZHANG Hua;DAI Xu-sheng;KANG Xiao-bo(Yunnan Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Kunming,Yunnan 650216;Yunnan Geological Survey,Kunming,Yunnan 650051)

机构地区：[1]云南省地质环境监测院,云南昆明650216 [2]云南省地质调查局,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《地球学报》2021年第3期352-362,共11页Acta Geoscientica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“断陷盆地地表、地下水资源高效利用与优化调控”(编号:2016YFC0502502);中国地质调查局地质调查项目“西南地区岩溶地下水污染调查评价”(编号:1212011121164)联合资助。

摘　　要：泸江流域是滇东南典型的喀斯特断陷盆地发育区,主干水系连接着多个断陷盆地及坡立谷。根据最新的地下水污染调查资料,流域喀斯特地下水质量总体以Ⅲ类为主,水质超Ⅲ类的岩溶水点中,东部多,西部少,且暗河占比最大,岩溶泉次之,机井最小。主要污染源是工矿企业及城镇生活垃圾污染源,研究分析了污染影响因素为环境水文地质条件的差异、污染源类型及排污强度、岩溶含水层防污性能的强弱程度和岩溶地下水污染机制的不同。详细阐述了岩溶地下水主要污染机制为落水洞或岩溶洞管灌入污染机制、溶隙溶孔含水介质渗透污染机制及浅覆盖型岩溶含水层越流渗漏污染机制。针对性的提出了3条防治对策:一是调整工业布局,切实减少、杜绝污染源;二是调查污染源及污染途径,重视环境水文地质条件对污染物迁移转化的影响;三是编制地下水开发与保护规划,制定相应的管理措施,有效保护水源。The Lujiang River basin is a typical area of karst fault basin in southeast Yunnan,and its main drainage system is connected with many fault basins and slope valleys.According to the latest investigation data of groundwater pollution,the quality of karst groundwater in the basin is mainly in Class III.The karst water points with super-class III water quality are more in the east and less in the west,and the proportion of underground river is the largest,the karst spring is the second and the manhole is the smallest.The major sources of pollution are industrial and mining enterprises and urban domestic waste,the factors affecting the pollution are the difference of environmental hydrogeological conditions,the type and intensity of pollution source,the degree of anti-pollution capability of karst aquifer and the difference of pollution mechanism of karst groundwater.The main pollution mechanisms of karst groundwater are water fall hole or karst cave pipe filling pollution mechanism,karst pore water-bearing medium seepage pollution mechanism and shallow overburden karst aquifer leakage pollution mechanism.Three countermeasures are put forward:the first is to adjust the industrial layout and reduce and eliminate the pollution sources;the second is to investigate the pollution sources and pollution ways and pay attention to the influence of environmental hydrogeological conditions on the migration and transformation of pollutants;the third is the development and protection of groundwater planning,the development of corresponding management measures,and the effective protection of water resources.

关 键 词：水环境 水污染 无机污染 有机污染 岩溶地下水 

分 类 号：P641.134[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]