公路桥梁焊接工肌肉骨骼损伤风险因子分析  

Analysis on Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Highway Bridge Welders

作　　者：郑艳芳 江发明 易灿南 左华丽 唐范 廖粤飞 ZHENG Yan-fang;JIANG Fa-ming;YI Can-nan;ZUO Hua-li;TANG Fan;LIAO Yue-fei(School of Safety&Environmental Engineering,Hunan Institute of Technology,Hengyang 421002,China;School of Public Administration,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hunan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工学院安全与环境工程学院,湖南衡阳421002 [2]湘潭大学公共管理学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《人类工效学》2021年第2期21-26,共6页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71801089);湖南省教育厅一般项目(18C0906);湖南工学院校级创新训练项目(CX2020066);衡阳市社科基金项目(2019D022);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2020JJ4263)。

摘　　要：目的分析公路桥梁焊接作业中的人因风险因子,降低工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤(Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders,WMSDs)。方法利用工作姿势分析法(Ovako Working Posture Analysing System,OWAS),分析作业中不良工作姿势出现比例及风险评估。结果800个工作姿势中,高达79.5%的姿势被划分为AC2(近期处理)、AC3(尽快处理)和AC4(立即处理)。每个工位中的头颈部前倾、背部弯曲、双脚站立腿弯曲以及蹲姿几种姿势重复比例高,均落在AC2-AC3等级。结论主要人因风险因子是因工作高度不当和作业空间受限,导致以俯、蹲位为主的强迫体位。可通过加强宣教、改变物料摆放位置、增加座椅、轮岗等作业方式,降低肌肉骨骼损伤风险。Objective The ergonomic risk factors in highway bridge welding were analyzed to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders.Methods Using the Ovako Working Posture analysis System(OWAS),the proportion of poor working postures were analyzed and the risk was evaluated.Results Among the 800 working postures,79.5%of the postures were classified as AC2(immediate treatment),AC3(quick treatment)and AC4(immediate treatment).In each station,the head and neck tilted forward,the back bent,the standing legs bent with both feet,and the squatting postures had a high repetitiveness ratio,all of which fell into the AC2-AC3 risk level.Conclusion The main ergonomic risks were improper working height and limited working space,leading to the forced position,mainly in the prone and squat postures.The risk of musculoskeletal injury can be reduced by strengthening propaganda and education,changing the position of materials,adding seats and rotating guard.

关 键 词：职业健康 疲劳 工伤 职业病 公路桥梁焊接 肌肉骨骼损伤 工作姿势 风险评估 人因风险因子 

分 类 号：X96[环境科学与工程—安全科学]