种植密度对桂糖49号组培苗农艺性状和产量的影响  

Effect of planting density on agronomic traits and yield of tissue cultured seedlings of Guitang 49

作　　者：梁阗[1] 卢文 何为中[1] 罗亚伟[1] 高轶静[1] 游建华[1] 谭宏伟[3] LIANG Tian;LU Wen;HE Weizhong;LUO Yawei;GAO Yijing;YOU Jianhuan;TAN Hongwei(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Guangxi Fusui County,Fusui,Guangxi 531000,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [2]广西扶绥县农业农村局,广西扶绥531000 [3]广西农业科学院,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《亚热带农业研究》2021年第1期11-15,共5页Subtropical Agriculture Research

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17202042-11);国家糖料产业技术体系项目(CARS-170206);广西农业厅项目(nycytxgxcxtd-03-02);广西农业科学院项目(桂TS2016022,桂TS201405)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨甘蔗脱毒健康组培苗的最佳种植密度,为大田生产提供依据。[方法]以桂糖49号茎尖脱毒健康组培苗为材料,分别设置株行距为40 cm×1.2 m、50 cm×1.2 m、60 cm×1.2 m、70 cm×1.2 m、80 cm×1.2 m、90 cm×1.2 m共6种密度(处理A~F)种植,调查组培苗新植蔗分蘖率、分蘖苗成茎率、有效蔗茎数、株高、茎径、蔗芽数、新植蔗和宿根蔗产量等。[结果]株距在40~90 cm·株-1之间,组培苗新植蔗分蘖率、成茎率、株高、茎径等随着种植密度增加而递减;单株有效芽数随种植密度增加而减少;甘蔗有效茎数、产量和单位面积有效蔗芽数以B处理(株距50 cm)最高,分别为94590株·hm^(-2)、53.99 t·hm^(-2)和1327098个·hm^(-2),A处理(株距40 cm)次之,分别为94455株·hm^(-2)、53.02 t·hm^(-2)和1294034个·hm^(-2),F处理(株距90 cm)最低,分别为76050株·hm^(-2)、44.16 t·hm^(-2)和1143032个·hm^(-2);下茬宿根蔗株高、茎径、有效茎数、产量等性状,各处理间差异不明显。[结论]适当的种植密度对增加单位面积有效茎数和提高甘蔗产量具有显著效果。桂糖49号组培苗以行距1.2 m、株距40~50 cm种植,其农艺性状和产量最佳。[Purpose]To explore the optimal planting density for virus-free healthy tissue cultured sugarcane seedlings and to provide basis for field production.[Method]Using virus-free healthy tissue cultured seedlings from stem tip of Guitang 49 as the material,six different planting densities were tested.The seedling/row spacing was set as 40 cm×1.2 m(Treatment A),50 cm×1.2 m(Treatment B),60 cm×1.2 m(Treatment C),70 cm×1.2 m(Treatment D),80 cm×1.2 m(Treatment E),and 90 cm×1.2 m(Treatment F),respectively.Rate of tillering,rate of effective stem formation,number of millable stems,plant height,stem diameter,number of buds,and yield of plantcane and ratoon crops were investigated.[Result]Within the seedling spacing of 40-90 cm,the tillering rate,stem formation rate,plant height,and stem diameter of newly planted sugarcane of tissue cultured seedlings decreased with the increase of planting density.The number of effective buds per plant decreased with the increase of planting density.The number of millable stems,yield and number of effective buds per unit area were the highest,with 94590 plants·hm^(-2),53.99 t·hm^(-2) and 1327098 buds·hm^(-2) from Treatment B at a seedling spacing of 50 cm.Followed by Treatment A(seed spacing of 40 cm)with 94455 plants·hm^(-2),53.02 t·hm^(-2) and 1294034 buds·hm^(-2).The lowest were 76050 plants·hm^(-2),44.16 t·hm^(-2) and 1143032 buds·hm^(-2) from Treatment F(seed spacing of 90 cm).However,there were no significant differences among treatments in the ratoon crop for traits such as plant height,stem diameter,number of millable stems,and yield.[Conclusion]Proper planting density has a significant effect on increasing the effective number of millable stems per unit area and increasing sugarcane yield.The best agronomic characteristics and yield were obtained by planting tissue cultured seedlings of Guitang 49 at a seedling/row spacing of 40 cm×1.2 m-50 cm×1.2 m.

关 键 词：甘蔗组培苗 种植密度 有效茎数 产量 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]