混倍体参薯再生植株的倍性与性状分析  

Analysis of ploidy and phenotypic traits of regenerated plants of mixoploids in Dioscorea alata Linn.

作　　者：周建金 叶炜 邓才生 施小梅 黄伟群[2] 华树妹 ZHOU Jianjin;YE Wei;DENG Caisheng;SHI Xiaomei;HUANG Weiqun;HUA Shumei(Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Sanming City,Shaxian,Fujian 365500,China;Fujian General Station of Seeds,Fuzhou,Fujian 350000,China)

机构地区：[1]三明市农业科学研究院,福建沙县365500 [2]福建省种子总站,福建福州350000

出　　处：《亚热带农业研究》2021年第1期16-21,共6页Subtropical Agriculture Research

基　　金：福建省科技厅资助项目(2019S0010)。

摘　　要：[目的]通过组织培养,使四倍体和六倍体的混倍体参薯再生植株倍性和性状产生分离,以期获得倍性和性状均稳定的株系。[方法]采用组织培养获得再生植株;通过染色体制片方法鉴定其倍性;再通过田间繁殖,鉴定再生植株染色体倍性和性状的稳定性。[结果](1)2,4-D是诱导参薯愈伤组织形成的关键因子,愈伤组织诱导率达51.67%;椰子汁能有效促进愈伤组织的生长发育,分化率达46.67%。(2)混倍体参薯经组织培养后,再生植株出现了性状和倍性的分离。再生植株四倍体、六倍体和混倍体的获得率分别为28.33%、20.00%和56.67%。(3)单一倍性的再生植株经繁殖后,子代之间的生物学性状和染色体数目稳定一致。不同再生植株的染色体倍性和生物学性状有所差异。[结论]利用组织培养分离纯化混倍体,是创建稳定植株和种质资源的有效方法。通过组织培养,从混倍体参薯中分离出多组生物学性状稳定的四倍体或六倍体株系,为参薯品种选育提供了新种质。[Purpose]Through tissue culture,the tetraploid,hexaploid,and mixoploids in Dioscorea alata Linn.of regenerated plants were separated in order to obtain lines with stable ploidy and phenotypic trait.[Method]Tissue culture was used to obtain regenerated plants,the ploidy of the regenerated plants was identified by chromosome preparation method,and then the ploidy and trait stability of the regenerated plants were identified through field propagation.[Result](1)2,4-D was the key factor for inducing callus formation of D.alata.The callus induction rate was up to 51.67%.Coconut juice could effectively promote the growth and development of callus,with differentiation rate of up to 46.67%.(2)After tissue culture of mixoploids in D.alata,the regenerated plants separated for traits and ploidy.The acquisition rates of tetraploid,hexaploid and mixoploids in regenerated plants were 28.33%,20.00%,and 56.67%,respectively.(3)Once the ploidy stable regenerated plants were reproduced and cultivated,their offspring showed stable and consistent biological characteristics and chromosome number.The chromosome ploidy and biological characteristics of different regenerated plants were different.[Conclusion]Using tissue culture to separate and purify mixoploids was an effective method to create stable plants and germplasm resources.Through tissue culture,this study isolated multiple sets of tetraploid or hexaploid strains with stable biological characteristics from D.alata,which provided new germplasm for the selection and breeding of D.alata.

关 键 词：混倍体参薯 组织培养 倍性鉴定 生物学性状 

分 类 号：S539[农业科学—作物学]