金融科技与银行小微企业信贷供给:基于贷款技术视角  

Fin Tech and Banks’ Credit Supply to Small and Micro Enterprises:Based on the Perspective of Lending Technology

作　　者：盛天翔 朱政廷 李祎雯 SHENG Tianxiang;ZHU Zhengting;LI Yiwen(College of Finance,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学金融学院,南京210095 [2]河海大学商学院,南京210098

出　　处：《管理科学》2020年第6期30-40,共11页Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71803081,71703070);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(18YJC790134)。

摘　　要：小微企业是中国经济社会发展的重要组成部分,其融资问题一直受到高度关注。银行小微企业信贷主要采用交易型贷款和关系型贷款,受制于信息获取效率、处理成本和风险识别能力等因素,传统的两类贷款技术无法有效解决小微企业融资困境。近年来,金融科技被逐步运用于小微企业信贷,对传统贷款技术产生较大推动作用。但是,对于金融科技影响银行小微企业信贷的实际效果及作用机制尚缺乏足够的讨论和检验。基于贷款技术视角,采用2015年中国小微企业调查数据和北京大学普惠金融指数,以4 177家企业为研究对象,实证分析金融科技如何通过贷款技术影响小微企业信贷可得性,经过回归模型替换、核心解释变量替代和内生性处理等稳健性检验,验证研究结论是否稳定。研究结果表明,①金融科技运用水平的提升,能够有效提高银行小微企业信贷供给。②金融科技有利于信息获取、处理和传递,改变传统贷款技术,提高小微企业的信贷可得性,并且对基于硬信息的交易型贷款技术提升作用更明显。③金融科技有助于大型银行升级传统贷款技术,提升小微企业信贷供给能力,可能改变中小银行优势现象。④受金融科技发展程度和应用环境影响,金融科技促进银行小微企业信贷供给的效果存在区域差异,东部地区效果最显著,中部地区次之,西部地区则不显著。研究结果丰富了银行小微企业信贷供给的相关理论,为贷款技术优势之争和银行规模优势之争提供了新的依据,为金融科技促进小微企业信贷供给的理论机制补充经验证据,对金融科技的运用和银行业体系改革具有一定的启示作用。Small and micro enterprises(SMEs)are an important part of China’s economic development and social stability,and their financing issue has been at the center of attention.According to the lending technology theory,banks’credit supply to SMEs mainly takes forms of transactional lending and relationship lending.However,subject to factors such as information acquisition efficiency,processing costs and risk identification capabilities,the two types of traditional lending technology cannot effectively solve the financing dilemma of SMEs.In recent years,financial technology(FinT ech)has been gradually applied to credit supply to SMEs,which has greatly promoted traditional lending technology.However,discussion and evidence of the effectiveness and the mechanism of FinT ech on SME lending remains insufficient.From the perspective of lending technology,using the China Micro and Small Enterprise Survey Data(CMES)in 2015 and the Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index of China,this study analyzes how FinT ech affects the credit availability of SMEs through lending technology based on a sample of 4177 enterprises.The research conclusion remains stable after robustness tests such as the substitution of regression model,the substitution of core explanatory variable and endogenous treatment.The results show that:Firstly,overall,the improvement of FinT ech can effectively increase the banks’credit supply to SMEs.Secondly,FinT ech helps with information acquisition,processing and transmission,which transforms traditional lending technology and promotes the credit availability of SMEs,plays a greater role in enhancing transactional lending technology based on hard information.Thirdly,FinT ech is more helpful for large banks to upgrade traditional lending technology and improve their capabilities of credit supply to SMEs,which may change the phenomenon of advantage of small bank.Fourthly,given the level of FinT ech and the application environment,there are regional differences in the effects of FinT ech’s promoti

关 键 词：金融科技 小微企业信贷供给 贷款技术 银行规模 区域差异 

分 类 号：F832.4[经济管理—金融学]