论绿色原则视域下环境侵权私益与公益救济的协调  

On Coordination of Environmental Tort Private Benefit and Public Welfare Relief from Perspective of Green Principle

作　　者：王世进[1] 杨静佳 WANG Shijin;YANG Jingjia

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学环境资源法研究中心,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期42-52,109,110,共13页Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：江西省社会科学规划项目“社会资本理论视域下我国环境法治的困境与出路”(19FX12)。

摘　　要：绿色原则的确立为环境侵权私益救济和公益救济的协调架起了桥梁,《民法典》在规定绿色原则的基础上,对环境侵权的私益救济和公益救济作出了规定,两者均不要求行为人主观上有过错,救济的目的都是为了使受损的环境公益或私益恢复到圆满状态,救济的赔偿范围都不包括预期利益损失。但两者除了适用《民法典》的法条依据不同,在环境侵权中实质性侵权和拟制性侵权的主观归责、修复生态责任与恢复原状在救济利益上的优势以及在损害赔偿客观违法性的证明等方面,都存在差异。协调环境侵权中的私益救济和公益救济,应在法律适用中处理好几个问题:一是拟制型环境污染公益救济应适用过错责任,二是惩罚性赔偿可适用环境侵权公益救济,三是恢复原状的履行顺位优于修复生态责任,四是环境侵权公益救济中认定的事实可适用于私益救济。The establishment of green principle provides a bridge for the coordination of environmental tort private benefit and public welfare relief.On the basis of the green principle,the Civil Code stipulates the private benefit relief and public welfare relief of environmental infringement.The commonness of the two is that neither constitution of tort requires the perpetrator to have subjective fault;ecological restoration responsibility and the purpose of restitution are to restore the damaged environmental public or private interests to a satisfactory state;likewise,the compensation scope of relief for neither includes the loss of expected benefits.The difference between the two lies in the distribution of articles in the Civil Code,the subjective imputation of the substantive tort and the fictitious tort in the environmental tort,the advantages of the restoration ecological liability and the restoration of the original state in the relief benefit,and the proof of objective illegality of the damage compensation.To coordinate private benefit relief and public welfare relief in environmental infringement,several problems should be dealt with in the application of law:first,the fault liability should be applied to the pseudo-environmental pollution public welfare relief;second,punitive damages can be applied to environmental tort public welfare relief;third,the performance order of restitution is prior to the ecological responsibility of restoration;fourth,the facts identified in the public welfare relief of environmental tort can be applied to the private relief.

关 键 词：《民法典》 绿色原则 环境侵权 生态损害赔偿 环境公益救济 环境私益救济 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]