不同基因型大豆生理特性和产量对不同降雨条件的响应  

Response of Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Soybean with Different Genotypes to Different Rainfall Conditions

作　　者：闫春娟[1] 宋书宏[1] 王文斌[1] 王昌陵[1] 孙旭刚[1] 曹永强[1] 张立军[1] 李盛友 董丽杰[1] 陈艳秋[1] YAN Chun-juan;SONG Shu-hong;WANG Wen-bin;WANG Chang-ling;SUN Xu-gang;CAO Yong-qiang;ZHANG Li-jun;LI Sheng-you;DONG Li-jie;CHEN Yan-qiu(Crop Institute of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院作物所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第5期8-14,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0101304-2,6203502);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2020-MS-047);国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS-004-CES11);辽宁省科技厅中央引导地方项目(1203011)。

摘　　要：为了明确不同基因型大豆对半干旱地区的响应。田间条件下,以不同大豆品种为研究对象,进行3年重复田间试验,以探讨辽宁省半干旱地区阜新和半湿润地区沈阳对不同基因型大豆生理特性和产量的影响。结果表明:2015-2017年,随着植株的生长,植株地上部生物量逐渐积累,即同一处理各时期地上部生物量表现为:满粒期(R6)>盛荚期(R4)>盛花期(R2)>四节期(V4);不同地点对根和地上部生物量的影响表现为:半湿润地区沈阳的值高于半干旱地区阜新;而相同地点,辽豆14和辽豆21的根和地上部生物量高于辽豆32。大豆根冠比的变化范围在0.08~0.35之间,一般而言,不同时期大豆植株根冠比值表现为:V4、R2>R4>R6。2015-2017年间,同一时期取样,不同地点对同一品种SPAD值、株高、单株叶数的影响一般表现为,半湿润地区沈阳的值高于半干旱地区阜新,即:S14(非干旱处理沈阳+辽豆14)>F14(干旱处理阜新+辽豆14);S21(非干旱处理沈阳+辽豆21)>F21(干旱处理阜新+辽豆21);S32(非干旱处理沈阳+辽豆32)>F32(干旱处理阜新+辽豆32)。同一品种大豆产量表现为半湿润地区沈阳的值高于半干旱地区阜新;而同一地点,品种对产量的影响表现为,辽豆14和辽豆32的产量高于辽豆21。2014和2015年,半干旱地区阜新的辽豆14和辽豆32产量高于半湿润地区沈阳的辽豆21,说明在半干旱地区更适于种植这两个品种。In order to clarify the response of soybean with different genotypes to semi-arid region,a 3-year repeated field experiment was conducted with different soybean varieties as research subjects under field conditions to explore the effects of Fuxin located semi-arid region in Liaoning Province and Shenyang located sub-humid region on physiological characteristics and yield of soybean with different genotypes.The results showed that from 2015 to 2017,the aboveground biomass of the plants gradually accumulated with the growth of the plants,namely,the aboveground biomass of the plants in each period of the same treatment showed as follows:R6>R4>R2>V4.The effects of different locations on root and aboveground biomass were as follows:the value of Shenyang semi-humid area was higher than that of Fuxin semi-arid area;the root and aboveground biomass of Liaodou 14 and Liaodou 21 were higher than that of Liaodou 32 at the same site.The variation of soybean root-shoot ratio ranged from 0.08 to 0.35.Generally speaking,the root-shoot ratio of soybean plants at different stages showed as V4>R2>R4>R6.From 2015 to 2017,the effects of different locations on SPAD value,plant height and leaf number per plant of the same variety sampled in the same period were generally shown as follows:S14>F14,S21>F21,S32>F32.The yield of the same variety of soybean in Shenyang was higher than that in Fuxin in semi-arid area.In the same location,the yield of Liaodou 14 and Liaodou 32 was higher than that of Liaodou 21.In 2014 and 2015,the yield of Liaodou 14 and Liaodou 32 in Fuxin semi-arid region,was higher than that of Liaodou 21 in Shenyang semi-humid region,indicating that these two varieties are more suitable for planting in semi-arid regions.This study enriches the knowledge of soybean yield and physiological traits in response to drought stress and has important theoretical value and practical significance for soybean drought-resistant production.

关 键 词：生理特性 大豆产量 基因型 大豆 干旱 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]