基于SWAP模型的桓台县主要农作物灌溉制度优化  

Optimizing Irrigation Program of Main Crops in Huantai County Based on SWAP Model

作　　者：焦贞 张衍福 刘凯 于潇 徐征和[1] 庞桂斌[1] 徐晶[1] JIAO Zhen;ZHANG Yan-fu;LIU Kai;YU Xiao;XU Zheng-he;PANG Gui-bin;XU Jing(University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;Shandong Water Conservancy Comprehensive Service Center,Jinan 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学,济南250022 [2]山东省水利综合事业服务中心,济南250013

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第5期56-62,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：山东省利用亚行贷款地下水漏斗区域综合治理示范项目“水资源保护政策示范行动能力发展”(LOAN-3400 CS-02)。

摘　　要：为实现节水增产,以山东省桓台县冬小麦和夏玉米为例,运用SWAP模型模拟了不同灌溉方案组合下的土壤含水率以及作物产量,优化了灌溉制度。研究结果表明:SWAP模型能够较好地模拟桓台县冬小麦和夏玉米的生长过程,模拟效果理想;通过利用率定好的SWAP模型模拟3种ET_(c)条件下不同降雨年型的作物相对产量和水分利用效率,结果发现,小麦灌3水和玉米灌2水的模式能够提高作物产量,并且能明显提升水分利用效率;根据模拟结果获得最优灌溉制度为:80%ET_(c)下,不同生育期冬小麦平、枯水年的灌水额应为,拔节(87.3、92.9 mm)、抽穗(124.7、132.7 mm)和灌浆(62.4、66.4 mm);不同生育期夏玉米的灌水定额为,拔节(19.8、40.2 mm)和抽雄(29.8、60.6 mm)。优化后的方案可保证研究区冬小麦和夏玉米的产量,并且能提高作物灌溉水利用效率。In order to realize water saving and yield increasing,this paper took winter wheat and summer maize in Huantai County,Shandong province as an example,and the SWAP model was used to simulate the soil moisture content and crop yield of winter wheat and summer maize under different irrigation scheme combinations,so as to optimize the irrigation program.The results indicated that SWAP model could well simulate the growth process of winter wheat and summer maize in Huantai County,and the simulation effect was ideal.By using the calibrated SWAP model to simulate the relative crop yield and water use efficiency of different rainfall years under the 3 conditions of ET_(c),the results indicated that the wheat with 3-times irrigations and maize with twice irrigations could improve the crop yield and significantly improve the water use efficiency.According to the simulation results,the optimal irrigation system was as follows:under 80%ET_(c),the irrigation quota of winter wheat in different growth stages in normal and dry flow years respectively should be 87.3 mm and 92.9 mm for jointing stage,124.7 mm and 132.7 mm for heading stage,62.4 mm and 66.4 mm for filling stage.Irrigation quota of summer maize in different stages should be 19.8 mm and 40.2 mm for jointing stage,29.8 mm and 60.6 mm for tasseling stage.The optimized scheme can guarantee the yield of winter wheat and summer maize yield in the study area and increase water use efficiency.The result of the study for water-saving in winter wheat and summer maize provides reference to the production target.

关 键 词：冬小麦 夏玉米 灌溉制度优化 SWAP模型 生长过程模拟 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S513