干旱区农田滴灌带“一带两用”灌水均匀度和堵塞率研究  

Study on Irrigation Uniformity and Blockage Rate of Drip Irrigation Belt Under“One Belt and Two Uses”Mode in Arid Area

作　　者：马亮[1] 依明·热合曼 梁聪聪 张旭[1] 魏光辉[1,2] MA Liang;YI Ming·Reheman;LIANG Cong-cong;ZHANG Xu;WEI Guang-hui(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Tarim River Basin Administration,Korla 841000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第5期86-89,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅自然科学基金面上项目资助(2019D01A48);新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅重点项目基金资助(XJEDU2017I007);国家级大学生创新创业训练项目资助(201910758012);2020年度校级大学生创新项目;新疆维吾尔自治区优秀博士后基金资助。

摘　　要：开展不同水氮梯度对滴灌带灌水均匀度和堵塞率等水力性能研究,对干旱区滴灌"水肥一体化"技术的应用推广具有重要意义。以南疆阿克苏地区冬小麦、复播玉米生育期内的滴灌带为研究对象,应用滴灌带水力性能综合测定平台对滴灌带进行检测,探究不同水氮处理下滴灌带长期使用(12个月)后灌水均匀度及堵塞率的变化规律。结果表明:相同滴灌水量,灌水均匀度随施氮量的增加而减小,高肥水平的灌水均匀度均最小,氮肥施用量是造成滴灌带堵塞的一个重要因素。建立灌水均匀度回归预测模型,可知灌水均匀度随平均流量偏差的增大而减小,平均流量偏差△q^(-)对灌水均匀度C_(u)影响较大。高水低肥和中水中肥处理下的灌水均匀度均达到80%以上,说明滴灌带"一带两用"在适宜的水肥配比下可以满足作物的水肥需求,该技术可节约滴灌带使用量,减少亩投资,为滴灌"水肥一体化"技术的推广应用提供技术支持。It is of great significance for the application and promotion of"integrated water and fertilizer"drip irrigation technology to carry out the research on the hydraulic performance of different water and nitrogen gradients on the irrigation uniformity and blockage rate of drip irrigation belt in arid areas.Taking the drip irrigation belt during the growth period of winter wheat and reseeding maize in Aksu area of southern Xinjiang as the research object,a comprehensive measuring platform for hydraulic performance of drip irrigation belt was used to test the drip irrigation belt,and the change rules of irrigation uniformity and blockage rate after long-term use(12 months)of drip irrigation belt under different water and nitrogen treatments was explored.The results showed that the irrigation uniformity decreased with the increase of nitrogen application for the same drip irrigation amount,and the irrigation uniformity of high fertilizer level was the smallest.The application of nitrogen fertilizer was an important factor that caused the drip irrigation belt to block.Through establishing a regression prediction model for irrigation uniformity,it can be seen that the uniformity of irrigation decreases with the increase of the average flow deviation,and the average flow deviation△q^(-)has a greater impact on the irrigation uniformity C_(u).The irrigation uniformity under the treatment of high-water,low-fertilizer and intermediate-water fertilizers reaches more than 80%,indicating that the drip irrigation belt can meet the water and fertilizer needs of crops under the appropriate ratio of water and fertilizer.This technology can save the use of drip irrigation belt,reduce the investment and provide technical support for the popularization and application of drip irrigation"water and fertilizer integration"technology.

关 键 词：干旱区 水肥一体化 滴灌带 灌水均匀度 堵塞率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]