载人月球极地探测地月转移轨道设计  

Design of Earth-Moon Transfer Orbit for Manned Lunar Polar Exploration Missions

作　　者：陆林 李海阳[1,2] 周晚萌 刘将辉 LU Lin;LI Hai-yang;ZHOU Wan-meng;LIU Jiang-hui(College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Planning and Simulation for Aerospace Missions,Changsha 410073,China;China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;The PLA Unit 91395,Beijing 102443,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学空天科学学院,长沙410073 [2]空天任务智能规划与仿真湖南省重点实验室,长沙410073 [3]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094 [4]中国人民解放军91395部队,北京102443

出　　处：《宇航学报》2021年第4期425-436,共12页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11372345,12072365);载人航天预先研究项目(010501,010201)。

摘　　要：针对载人月球极地探测任务,采用一种自由返回轨道与三脉冲机动轨道相结合的地月转移轨道方案。关于自由返回轨道部分的设计,建立了基于近月点伪参数的两段拼接模型,采用一种考虑地球扁率修正的改进多圆锥截线法进行求解,仿真结果显示改进的多圆锥截线法具有更高的求解精度,可为精确设计提供更好的初值;关于三脉冲机动轨道部分的设计,基于混合轨道模型,采用特殊点变轨和Lambert算法相结合的方法进行计算,仿真结果显示该方法能够有效地降低速度增量的消耗。最后,通过大量的仿真计算,对轨道的速度增量特性进行了分析。研究结论可为未来载人月球极地探测地月转移轨道方案的设计提供重要参考。An Earth-Moon transfer orbit scheme combining free return orbit with three-impulse maneuver orbit is adopted for manned lunar polar exploration missions.In terms of the design of the free return phase,a two-phase patched model based on pseudo perilune parameters is established and an improved multi-conic method considering correction of Earth oblateness is used.Simulation results show the improved multi-conic method has a higher accuracy and can provide better initial values for the accurate design.In terms of the design of the three-impulse maneuver phase,based on the hybrid orbit model,a method combining maneuvering at special points with Lambert algorithm is proposed for computation.Simulation results show this method can reduce the velocity increment effectively.Finally,with a great deal of simulation the velocity increment characteristics of orbit are analyzed.The research conclusions can provide significant reference for the design of Earth-Moon transfer orbit scheme for manned lunar polar exploration missions in the future.

关 键 词：载人登月 极地探测 地月转移 轨道设计 轨道特性 

分 类 号：V412.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]