冰川细菌冷杆菌属的多样性研究进展  

Research progress on the diversity of glacial bacteria Cryobacterium

作　　者：刘庆 杨蕾蕾[1] 周宇光[1,2] 辛玉华[1] 东秀珠[2] Qing Liu;Leilei Yang;Yuguang Zhou;Yuhua Xin;Xiuzhu Dong(China General Microorganism Culture Collection Center,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所,中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,北京100101 [2]中国科学院微生物研究所,微生物资源前期开发国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《微生物学报》2021年第4期807-815,共9页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31600007)。

摘　　要：冰川作为地球主要的冰冻圈环境之一,蕴藏着丰富的低温微生物资源。1976年,Inoue&Komagata从南极分离出一株嗜冷细菌,直到1997年,以这株嗜冷菌为模式物种,建立了冷杆菌属(Cryobacterium),同时该菌株被命名为嗜冷冷杆菌(Cryobacterium psychrophilum)。冷杆菌属物种主要分布于南北极、青藏高原冻土、冰川等低温环境,但与冰川等环境中其他常见类群相比丰度较低,属于稀有类群。目前,该属已有15个有效描述种,其中包含严格的嗜冷菌,但不同种对温度的耐受性有差异,因此是研究低温环境细菌进化和物种形成的良好材料。该属菌株可产生β-类胡萝卜素、低温酶等生物活性物质。本文综述了冷杆菌属的分布、生物学特征;通过对GenBank中冷杆菌属纯培养菌株的全基因组序列进行平均核酸序列一致性(average nucleotide identity,ANI)计算和聚类分析,明确其精确的分类地位,评估了该类群物种多样性;并讨论了冷杆菌在食品加工、医药卫生所需的生物活性物质的应用潜力。Glaciers,as the main cryosphere on earth,are inhabited by abundant cold-adapted microorganisms.In 1976,Inoue&Komagata isolated a psychrophilic bacterium from Antarctica.Until 1997,genus Cryobacterium was validly published with Cryobacterium psychrophilum as type species and this psychrophilic strain as type strain.The species in genus Cryobacterium were mainly distributed in cold environments such as Antarctic,Arctic,permafrost and glacier in Tibetan Plateau.Cryobacterium belongs to rare group,since its abundance is lower than other common groups in glacier environment.At present,there are 15 species in genus Cryobacterium with validly published names,including nine psychrophilic species.Different species show phenotypic divergence of thermotolerance.Therefore,Cryobacterium strains can be excellent materials for studying the evolution and speciation of bacteria in the cold environment.Cryobacterium strains can produceβ-carotenoids,cold-adapted enzymes and other bioactive substances.In this paper,the distribution,biological characteristics and application potential of Cryobacterium were reviewed.The diversity of Cryobacterium was discussed by calculation and cluster analysis of the average nucleotide identity(ANI)using the whole genome sequences of Cryobacterium which were downloaded from GenBank database.The application potential of Cryobacterium in food processing,medicine and health field was discussed.

关 键 词：低温细菌 冰川 冷杆菌 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]