《欧盟水框架指令》下的地表水环境管理体系及其对我国的启示  

Surface Water Environment Management System in EU Water Framework Directive and Its Enlightenment to China

作　　者：陶艳茹 苏海磊[1] 李会仙[1] 朱元荣[1] 时迪 陈艳卿[1] 孙福红[1] TAO Yanru;SU Hailei;LI Huixian;ZHU Yuanrong;SHI Di;CHEN Yanqing;SUN Fuhong(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2021年第5期1267-1276,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2018ZX07208-001)。

摘　　要：《欧盟水框架指令》是欧盟制定的水环境管理政策,为其成员国的水环境管理提供了共同的目标、原则、定义和方法.自2000年颁布实施以来,该指令致力于让欧洲的水环境能够同时满足人类自身的需求和动植物群落的需要,其先进的水环境评价体系、严格的污染管理标准、科学的水生态保护理念和法律效力都在水生态环境保护领域发挥了重要作用.该研究综述了欧盟水框架指令从关注生活生产到生态保护、从单一到整体的发展历程和地表水环境管理体系的主要内容,系统总结了欧盟地表水水质评价体系、水质监测和流域综合管理政策及其管理理念先进、标准制定严格和生态保护科学和法律效力优先的特点,并对比分析我国的地表水环境质量标准和水生态环境管理现状,以期学习、借鉴和吸收国际水生态环境管理的有益经验,为我国的水生态环境管理提供新思路和新方法.The EU Water Framework Directive is a water environment management policy formulated by the European Union,which provides common goals,principles,definitions,and methods for member states′water environment management.Since its promulgation and implementation in 2000,the directive has been dedicated to enabling the European water environment to meet the needs of human beings and flora and fauna.Its advanced water environment assessment system,strict pollution management standards,scientific concept of water ecological protection and legal effect have played an important role in the field of water environment protection.This paper summarizes the development process of EU Water Framework Directive from life and production to ecological protection,from single to whole,and the main contents of surface water ecological environmental management system.It focus on the water quality evaluation system,water quality monitoring and comprehensive management of watershed and their advanced management concept,strict standard formulation,scientific ecological protection and priority of legal efficiency are systematically summarized.It also compares with China′s surface water environmental quality standards and water environment management status,with a view to learning and absorbing the beneficial experience of international water ecological environmental management,to providing new ideas and methods for water ecological environment management in China.

关 键 词：《欧盟水框架指令》 水环境质量评价 流域管理 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]