水肥一体化和覆盖地布等对木薯生长和土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Water-Fertilizer Integration and Ground Cloth Mulching on Cassava Growth and Soil Nutrients

作　　者：周时艺 韦云东 陈蕊蕊 盘欢[1,2] 李军 郑华[1,2] 徐钏 罗燕春[1,2] ZHOU Shiyi;WEI Yundong;CHEN Ruirui;PAN Huan;LI Jun;ZHENG Hua;XU Chuan;LUO Yanchun(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China;Guangxi Cassava Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所,广西南宁530001 [2]广西壮族自治区木薯研究所,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《农业研究与应用》2021年第1期20-26,共7页Agricultural Research and Application

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项资助(NO.2018YFD0201100);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项资助项目(桂农科2021YT150);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2020YM54);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(NO.CARS-11)。

摘　　要：本文通过大田试验,研究了水肥一体化和覆盖地布等对木薯生长和土壤养分的影响,试验设置地膜/地布,4个施肥量,3种灌溉量等13个处理。结果表明,水肥一体化能显著提高木薯产量(40.18%~51.85%),最高为处理12 (地膜+减量施肥2+滴灌2)和处理13 (地布+减量施肥2+滴灌2)。在无滴灌条件下,覆盖地布或者地膜也能显著提高木薯产量,但水肥一体化各处理间增产不明显;处理3 (减量施肥1)和处理5 (地布+减量施肥1)的氮肥、钾肥利用率比处理2 (常规施肥)提高了4.18%~10.32%和12.65%~22.66%,而处理11 (减量施肥2+滴灌2)和处理13则比处理2提高了23.32%~36.58%和37.48%~45.72%;处理8~13比处理2的速效磷增加了11.67 mg/kg~33.79 mg/kg,速效钾含量增加了24.9 mg/kg~70.2 mg/kg。在覆盖地布/地膜条件下,减量施肥+滴灌能明显提高氮、磷、钾肥料利用率;整体上滴灌处理的土壤速效磷和土壤速效钾含量有明显增加;综合考虑产量、节水、减肥和环保因素,处理13 (地布+N 75 kg/hm^(2)、P2O5 37.5 kg/hm^(2)、K2O 75 kg/hm^(2)+333.3 m^(3)/hm^(2))为本研究最佳处理。Effects of water-fertilizer integration and ground cloth mulching on cassava growth and soil nutrients were studied in a field trial with 13 treatments, including ground cloth/plastic film mulching, 4 fertilization rates and 3 irrigation quantities. The results showed that the cassava yield significantly increased(40.18%~51.85%) under the conditions of water-fertilizer integration and ground cloth or plastic film mulching, reaching the highest level in T12(plastic film mulching + fertilizer reduction 2 + drip irrigation 2) and T13(ground cloth mulching + fertilizer reduction 2+drip irrigation 2). The cassava yield also remarkably increased even under the conditions of ground cloth or plastic film mulching without drip irrigation. The yield increasing effect was not obvious among different treatments of water-fertilizer integration. The utilization rate of nitrogen and potassium in T3(fertilizer reduction1), T5(ground cloth mulching + fertilizer reduction1), T11(fertilizer reduction 2 + drip irrigation2) and T13 increased by 4.18%~10.32%, 12.65%~22.66%, 23.32%~36.58% and37.48%~45.72% respectively than that in T2(conventional fertilization);the available phosphorus and potassium in T8-T13 increased by 11.67 mg/kg~33.79 mg/kg, 24.9 mg/kg~70.2 mg/kg respectively than that in T2. The utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium significantly increased under the condition of fertilization reduction + drip irrigation and ground cloth or plastic film mulching;the available phosphorus and potassium in soil increased under the drip irrigation;taking into account of yield, water saving, fertilization reduction and environmental protection, T13(ground cloth mulching + N 75 kg/hm^(2), P2O5 37.5 kg/hm^(2) and K2O 75 kg/hm^(2)+ 333.3 m^(3)/hm^(2)) is the best treatment.

关 键 词：水肥一体化 覆盖地布 木薯生长 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S889.5[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]