钾肥追施时期后移对甜瓜钾吸收利用及产量的影响  

Effect of postponed potassium-fertilizer topdressing on its absorption,utilization and the yield of muskmelon

作　　者：康利允[1] 李晓慧[1] 高宁宁[1] 梁慎[1] 常高正[1] 李海伦 王慧颖 徐小利[1] 赵卫星[1] KANG Liyun;LI Xiaohui;GAO Ningning;LIANG Shen;CHANG Gaozheng;LI Hailun;WANG Huiying;XU Xiaoli;ZHAO Weixing(Institute of Horticulture,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2021年第2期76-82,89,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2018YFD0200130);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2021ZC19).

摘　　要：【目的】明确钾肥追施时期对甜瓜钾吸收利用及产量的影响,为当地合理施用钾肥提供科学依据.【方法】以厚皮甜瓜品种众云20为试验材料,比较6种钾肥追施时期对甜瓜钾积累与分配、钾肥利用率、产量及经济效益间的影响,确定合理的钾肥施用时期及甜瓜的钾积累高峰期.【结果】甜瓜植株中的钾主要分配于果,果的钾分配率高达44.28%~45.20%;甜瓜生育周期内,钾积累高峰期出现在膨瓜期(定植后45~65 d),在钾肥基追比为3∶7的条件下,定植后54 d追施钾肥(T_(1)和T_(3))处理一直保持较高的钾积累速率,与定植后72 d追施钾肥(T_(2)和T_(4))处理相比,成熟期果实钾积累量平均显著增加15.54%.本试验条件下,以T_(1)和T_(3)处理产量最高,较T_(2)和T_(4)处理平均显著增加11.52%,从而使得其钾肥利用效率、钾肥回收率及净收益亦最高,较T_(2)和T_(4)处理分别平均显著增加了11.52%、54.15%和20.09%.【结论】在甜瓜栽培过程中,钾肥追施时期对甜瓜钾吸收利用及产量具有显著影响,当基追比为3∶7,并在钾积累高峰初期(定植后54 d)追施钾肥,既能保证甜瓜产量的情况下,又能提高钾肥利用率和经济效益,达到高产又经济的目的.【Objective】To clarify the effect of topdressing time of potassium fertilizer on its absorption,utilization and the yield of muskmelon,and provide scientific evidence for suitable application of potassium fertilizer.【Method】Muskmelon Zhongyun20 was employed to explore the effects of potassium-topdressing times(6 levels)on the accumulation,distribution,and utilization rate of potassium fertilizer,and on the yield of muskmelon,determining suitable time of potassium application and the peak of potassium accumulation in muskmelon.【Result】Potassium in muskmelon plants was mainly distributed in fruits,in which its allocation accounted for 44.28%~45.20%.During the growth cycle of muskmelon,the peak of potassium accumulation occurred in the stage of fruit expanding(45~65 days after transplanting).Under the condition that the ratio of basal-to top-dressing of potassium fertilizer was 3:7,the plants that were potassium-topdressed 54 days after transplanting(i.e.T_(1)and T_(3))had a relatively high speed in potassium accumulation,and their potassium accumulation in fruits at the mature stage was averagely enhanced by 15.54%,compared with the plants potassium-topdressed 72 days after transplanting(i.e.T_(2)and T_(4)).Under the condition of this experiment,the yields for T_(1)and T_(3),which were the highest among treatments,was increased by 11.52%compared with T_(2)and T_(4),and utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer,recovery rate,and net income were increased by 11.52%,54.15%and 20.09%,respectively.【Conclusion】In the cultivation of muskmelon,the date of potassium-fertilizer topdressing has significant effect on both potassium absorption,utilization,and the yield of muskmelon.When the ratio of basal-to top-dressing was 3∶7,the topdressing of potassium fertilizer at the early stage of potassium accumulation peak(i.e.54 days after transplanting)could not only ensure the yield of muskmelon,but also improve the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer and economic benefits.

关 键 词：钾肥追施时期 甜瓜 钾吸收利用 产量 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]