核麦间作模式下种植密度对冬小麦叶片生理特性的影响  

Effects of Planting Density on Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Walnut and Wheat Intercropping System

作　　者：张永强[1,2] 高永红 陈传信[1,2] 方辉 范贵强[1] 赛力汗·赛[1,2] 薛丽华[1,2] 黄天荣 陈兴武[1,2] 雷钧杰 ZHANG Yongqiang;GAO Yonghong;CHEN Chuanxin;FANG Hui;FAN Guiqiang;SAI Lihan Sai;XUE Lihua;HUANG Tianrong1;CHEN Xingwu;LEI Junjie(Research Institute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2021年第4期430-437,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960379);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD020040609);农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201704);国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-3-49)。

摘　　要：为探究核麦间作模式下种植密度对冬小麦旗叶生理特性的影响,于2016-2017年设置450万株·hm^(-2)(M1)、525万株·hm^(-2)(M2)、600万株·hm^(-2)(M3)、675万株·hm^(-2)(M4)和750万株·hm^(-2)(M5)5个种植密度,研究了核桃树冠下区和远冠区下冬小麦旗叶SPAD值、叶绿素荧光参数、光合特性及产量对种植密度的响应。结果表明,随着种植密度的增大,核桃树冠下区冬小麦旗叶的SPAD值、净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s))、最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSII))和产量均不同程度降低,在远冠区各指标均呈先升后降趋势,且基本在M2处理达到最大,且冠下区各种植密度处理的冬小麦旗叶P_(n)、T_(r)、G_(s)、F_(v)/F_(m)、Φ_(PSII)均低于相应远冠区。冠下区和远冠区的籽粒产量分别以M1和M2处理最高,分别为3212.19和3911.12 kg·hm^(-2)。综合来看,在核麦间作模式下,冬小麦种植密度应控制在450万~525万株·hm^(-2)。In order to explore the effects of planting density on physiological characteristics of flag leaves of winter wheat in walnut-wheat intercropping mode,five planting densities 4.5 million plants·hm^(-2)(M1),5.25 million plants·hm^(-2)(M2),6.0 million plants·hm^(-2)(M3),6.75 million plants·hm^(-2)(M4)and 7.5 million plants·hm^(-2)(M5)were set up in 2016-2017 to study the SPAD value and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters flag leaves and yield of winter wheat in different canopy regions responding to different light and planting densities.The results showed that SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),F_(v)/F_(m),Φ_(PSII) and yield of winter wheat decreased to different degrees with the increase of planting density.In the far-crown area,each index increased first and then decreased,and reached the maximum under M2 treatment.P_(n),T_(r),G_(s),F_(v)/F_(m) andΦ_(PSII) in leaves under crown were lower than those the far-crown area.The grain yields of M1 and M2 were 3212.19 and 3911.12 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.The planting density of winter wheat should be controlled within 4.5 million-5.25 million plants·hm^(-2) under the intercropping mode of walnut and wheat.

关 键 词：核麦间作 种植密度 冬小麦 生理特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311