清末民国时期中国行政诉讼法制论  

On the Legal System of China's Administrative Litigationin the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

作　　者：倪洪涛[1] NI Hong-tao(Law School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学法学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《时代法学》2021年第2期8-24,共17页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：湖南省教育厅重点项目“新时代行政救济价值论”(19A299)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：行政诉讼制度的确立是一国行政法(治)产生的标志。晚清编订的《行政裁判院官制草案》是我国历史上第一部行政审判制度法律案,该草案拟仿效当时之德日奥法制,设立行政裁判院。草案编修中围绕旧制度存废和新制度创设所引发的观念碰撞、价值交锋、思想启蒙和体制更张,一直延续到了民国时期设置平政院和行政法院之时,深刻影响了民国时期行政法制的体制建构。作为我国历史上设置的首个现代行政审判机关,北洋政府平政院既继受了清末行政裁判院制度构想中的合理因素,又整合了都察院纠弹百官的职能,其所蕴含的法政智慧值得肯定。在战火纷飞的特殊年代,南京国民政府行政法院在制度创设和文化转型上的标杆意义,远远大于其司法实效。The establishment of administrative litigation system is the symbol of the emergence of a country's administrative law. The draft of the system of administrative adjudication court compiled by the late Qing Dynasty is the first legaldraft of administrative trial system in China's history. The draft intends to follow the German, Japanese and Austrian legal system and establish the administrative tribunal. The revision of the draft had a profound impact on the construction of the administrative legal system of the Republic of China. During the compilation of the draft, the concept collision, value confrontation, ideological enlightenment and system change caused by the existence or abolition of the old system and the creation of the new system lasted until the establishment of the Pingzheng court and the administrative court in the Republic of China. The Pingzheng court of Beiyang government was the first administrative judicial organin China's history. The Pingzheng court not only inherited the reasonable factors in the system conception of the administrative court in the late Qing Dynasty, but also integrated the function of rectification, impeachment and punishment of the inspection court. The wisdom of law and politics and the advantages of the system are worth affirming. The benchmarking significance of the administrative court in the system creation and cultural transformation is far greater than its judicial effectiveness in the special era of war.

关 键 词：行政诉讼法制 行政裁判院 平政院 行政法院 

分 类 号：DF08[政治法律—法学理论]