民法典视角下身份财产法特殊性的理性化重构——夫妻财产关系的视角  

The Rational Reconstruction of the Specificity of the Identity Property Law from the Perspective of the Civil Code—From the Perspective of Marital Property Relationship

作　　者：谭佐财 TAN Zuo-cai(Law school of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《时代法学》2021年第2期71-79,共9页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：最高人民法院2019年度司法研究重大课题“类案裁判规范化、标准化建设研究”(项目编号:ZGFYZDKT201914-01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：身份财产关系被高度市场理性的财产规则所侵蚀,这正是忽视了身份财产法的特殊性使然。身份财产法的范畴主要包括夫妻财产关系、监护关系、继承关系、家庭共有关系四种。身份财产关系被市场化将不利于对弱势群体的实质平等保护、使家庭伦理遭受裂变。身份财产关系的财产化趋势系由个人主义、法律工具主义、工具理性等诸多因素共同作用的结果。在《民法典》第464条第2款的背景下,处理好身份财产法的特殊性与一般性的关系问题尤为重要。夫妻财产的分割应从弱势分配转变为按需分配,夫妻一方个人财产亦可用以调适夫妻财产分割,一般财产法在身份财产关系中应当保持谦抑的姿态。强调身份财产法的特殊性需注意两个限度,在横向限度上,财产法的精髓可作用于身份财产法,二者并非“水火不容”;在纵向限度上,传统、现代、后现代的家庭价值观的精华应当互相融合。The status-property relationship is eroded by the highly rational property rules of the market,which is because of ignoring the particularity of status-property law.The scope of the identity property law mainly includes four types:husband and wife property relationship,guardianship relationship,inheritance relationship,and family joint relationship;the marketization of identity property relationship will not be conducive to the substantial equal protection of disadvantaged groups and cause family ethics to undergo fission;The tendency of propertyization is the result of many factors such as individualism,legal instrumentalism,and instrumental rationality.In paragraph 2 of Article 464 of the Civil Code,it is particularly important to properly handle the relationship between the particularity and generality of the identity property law.The division of marriage property should be changed from weak distribution to distribution on demand.The personal property of one spouse can also be used to adjust the division of marriage property.The general property law should maintain a modest attitude in the identity property relationship.To emphasize the particularity of the identity property law,two limits should be paid attention to.In the horizontal limit,the essence of the property law can act on the identity property law.The two are not“incompatible”;in the vertical limit,the essence of valuesof traditional,modern,and postmodern family relationship should be integrated with each other.

关 键 词：身份财产法 一般财产法 特殊性 实质平等 婚姻家庭伦理 

分 类 号：DF55[政治法律—民商法学]