岷江上游山区生态福祉波动的人类活动干扰研究  

Disturbance of Human Activities to Mountain Ecological Well-Being Fluctuation in the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River,China

作　　者：张羿轲 方一平[1,2] 杨悦 徐云 ZHANG Yike;FANG Yiping;YANG Yue;XU Yun(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《山地学报》2021年第2期238-247,共10页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41571523,41671152)。

摘　　要：探究人类活动对生态福祉的影响机制与作用规律,实现对人类活动的有效调控,是维持地区环境与社会经济可持续发展的重要途径。现有研究主要聚焦于人类活动干扰导致区域生态格局产生变化的过程和原因等,而相对缺乏人类活动与区域生态福祉间的相关性研究。本文利用当量因子法、突变理论及贬值率模型对岷江上游1995年、2005年和2015年生态福祉进行测度,探究人类活动对生态福祉效率的作用方式。结果显示:(1)研究时段内地区人口增长速率大于生态恢复速率,人均生态福祉除汶川县略有增长外,其他地区均呈降低趋势;地区消费等量生态系统服务所获得的经济收益逐期增大,各地区生态-经济产出效率均呈上升趋势。(2)人均生态福祉低值中心和高值中心的空间分布与生态-经济产出效率大致相反,呈现此高彼低的态势。(3)Pearson相关分析显示城镇化率与人均生态福祉呈负相关,基础设施密度、城镇化率、科技发展水平和二产业占比等人类活动因子与生态—经济产出效率呈正相关。本研究可为调控人类活动类型、方式及强度,提升当地居民福祉实践提供理论依据。Ecological well-being is an essential indicator of the natural environment's feedback on the intensity of human activities.Investigating the anthropogenic impact on ecological well-being and effectively regulating human activities is crucial for ensuring sustainable development of the regional environment and social economy.This paper explored the impact of human activities on the efficiency of ecological well-being using the equivalent factor method,catastrophe theory,and depreciation rate model to quantify the ecological well-being in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in 1995,2005,and 2015.The findings indicate that:(1)The per capita ecological well-being showed a decreasing trend during the study period for all regions except Wenchuan county,indicating that the population growth rate was greater than the ecological restoration rate.The eco-economic output efficiency of all regions showed an increasing trend implying that the economic benefits gained by consuming the same amount of ecosystem services have gradually increased.(2)The spatial distribution of the low-value and high-value centers of per capita ecological well-being was roughly opposite to the eco-economic output efficiency.Areas with low ecological economic efficiency were characterized by high per capita ecological well-being.(3)Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the urbanization rate was negatively correlated with per capita ecological well-being.Infrastructure density,urbanization rate,technological development level and the proportion of secondary industries were positively correlated with eco-economic production performance.This paper provides a theoretical basis for regulating the types,methods and intensity of human activities for improving regional ecological well-being.Nevertheless,ecological well-being is affected by climate change,human activities,and policy orientation impact,necessitating broader follow-up studies.

关 键 词：山区生态系统 生态福祉效率 时空异质性 人类活动干扰 岷江上游 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X171.1