虫瘿挥发物对枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂寄主选择的影响  

Effect of volatiles emitted from galls induced by Gephyraulus lycantha on host selection by Pseudotorymus jaapiellae

作　　者：朱秀 刘赛[1] 徐常青[1] 汪祥 郭昆[1] 徐荣[1] 乔海莉[1] 陈君[1] ZHU Xiu;LIU Sai;XU Chang-Qing;WANG Xiang;GUO Kun;XU Rong;QIAO Hai-Li;CHEN Jun(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing,100193,China;College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院,北京协和医学院,药用植物研究所,北京100193 [2]山东农业大学植物保护学院,泰安271018

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2021年第2期378-389,共12页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81774015);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(CIMFS 2016-I2M-3-017)。

摘　　要：【目的】为明确枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂Pseudotorymus jaapiellae Yang et Chen对枸杞红瘿蚊Gephyraulus lycantha Jiao&Kolesik诱导产生虫瘿挥发物的选择差异性,解析影响其寄主选择的信息化学物质。【方法】采用Y型嗅觉仪,测定枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂的孕卵雌蜂对受枸杞红瘿蚊为害的幼嫩虫瘿和成熟虫瘿挥发物的行为选择偏好;通过顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析影响该寄生蜂产卵选择的不同发育阶段虫瘿挥发物成分变化与差异。【结果】与枸杞健康花蕾相比,枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂明显趋向于选择受枸杞红瘿蚊为害的虫瘿,尤其是幼嫩虫瘿对孕卵雌蜂具有更显著的吸引作用(P<0.01),其中有95%的寄生蜂选择幼嫩虫瘿,仅有5%的寄生蜂选择健康花蕾;不同发育阶段虫瘿与健康花蕾的挥发物种类和释放量存在明显差异,幼嫩虫瘿的挥发物种类最多,达61种,成熟虫瘿和健康花蕾分别为52种和54种;酮类和萜类化合物是枸杞花蕾受害后新出现的物质,其中萜类化合物仅存在于幼嫩虫瘿中,酮类化合物随着虫瘿的成熟,其含量逐渐升高。【结论】枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂能够通过对枸杞不同发育阶段受害虫瘿的特异性挥发物进行寄主识别,从而定位寄主,实现对害虫枸杞红瘿蚊的种群调控。[Objectives] To identify the preference of Pseudotorymus jaapiellae for different volatiles emitted from galls induced by Gephyraulus lycantha, and clarify the effect of semiochemicals on host selection by this parasitoid. [Methods] The preference of pregnant female P. jaapiellae for specific volatiles emitted from young and mature galls induced by G. lycantha was measured in a Y-tube olfactometer under laboratory conditions. Headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze the compositional difference in volatiles emitted from galls at different stages of development. [Results] Pregnant female P. jaapiellae preferred galls induced by G. lycantha to healthy flower buds of L. barbarum. Young galls were particularly attractive(P<0.01), with 95% of females choosing these compared to only 5% choosing healthy flower buds. There were significant differences in the volatiles emitted from healthy flower buds and from galls at different developmental stages. More volatile compounds were emitted from young galls(61 compounds) than from healthy flower buds(54 compounds) or mature galls(52 compounds). Ketones and terpenoids were emitted from damaged L. barbarum flower buds, but only terpenoids were emitted from young galls;the ketone content of gall volatiles increased gradually as galls matured. [Conclusion] P. jaapiellae can identify and locate galls induced by G. lycantha and distinguish between the volatiles emitted by galls of different developmental stages, thereby both locating suitable galls and regulating G. lycantha populations.

关 键 词：枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂 枸杞红瘿蚊 虫瘿 虫害诱导植物挥发物 寄主选择 

分 类 号：S476.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]