利用新型高温好氧堆肥器提高鸡粪谷壳有机肥肥效  

Effect of new high temperature aerobic composting device on maturation of chicken manure and rice chaff

作　　者：晏琛 曹雷鹏 刘玉环[1] 阮榕生[1,2] 宁武建 刘晓成 李锐 YAN Chen;CAO Leipeng;LIU Yuhuan;RUAN Rongsheng;NING Wujian;LIU Xiaocheng;LI Rui(State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion,Ministry of Education,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330047,China;Biological Products and Ecological Engineering,University of Minnesota,Paul 55108,United States;Jiangxi Tianyun Agricultural Development Co.Ltd.,Nanchang,330052,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,生物质转化教育部工程研究中心,南昌330047 [2]明尼苏达大学生物制品与生物系统工程系,圣保罗市55108,美国 [3]江西天韵农业开发股份有限公司,南昌330052

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第3期1103-1111,共9页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21466022,21878139);南昌大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室自由探索项目(SKLFZZB-201915)。

摘　　要：针对传统堆肥器存在堆肥时间长、环境污染严重等问题,开发快速、无臭、环保型堆肥器对促进粪污肥料化具有重要意义。研发的新型高温好氧堆肥器主要包括4个部分:控制面板、发酵罐(50 L有效容积)、空压机通风系统(0.15 m^(3)·s^(−1)排气量和40 L气容量)、氨气吸收系统(188 L容积及内部成阶梯环形吸收模式)。利用新型高温好氧堆肥器对鸡粪谷壳进行堆肥处理,并采用盆栽实验探明鸡粪谷壳有机肥和回收的磷酸铵镁(MAP)的肥效。结果表明,鸡粪谷壳物料(C/N=25)在在新型高温好氧堆肥器中堆肥处理40 d后,可形成黑色无臭味、圆球状及无有害菌群的堆肥产物;且所得产物中营养成分含量分别为50.53%有机质、1.86%TN、1.56%TP(P_(2)O_(5))及1.59%TK(K_(2)O),其指标均达到了国家有机肥料标准(NY 525-2012)。盆栽实验表明,以施肥后空心菜的产量及多糖含量为肥效指标,施用鸡粪谷壳堆肥产物的肥效高于施用化肥获得的肥效;而且,通过氨吸收塔回收氨气产生的MAP可有效提高堆肥产物的整体肥效。该研究结果可为新型高温好氧堆肥器的技术优化提供参考。In view of the problems of long composting time and serious environmental pollution in traditional composting device,the development of rapid,odorless and environmentally-friendly composting device is great significance for promoting livestock manure into organic fertilizer.The new high-temperature aerobic composting device mainly included four parts:control panel,fermenter(50 L active volume),and air compressor ventilation system(0.15 m^(3)·s^(−1) discharge capacity and 40 L gas tank capacity),ammonia absorption system(188 L volume,patterns of internal ladder ring absorption),which was used to produce chicken manurerice chaff organic fertilizer.The fertilizer efficiency of recovered magnesium ammonium phosphate(r-MAP)in chicken manure-rice chaff organic fertilizer was investigated by pot experiments.Under the optimal conditions for 40 d composting of chicken manure and rice chaff(C/N=25),the products showed the black odorless,no harmful flora,and spherical features.Moreover,the nutrients of products were 50.53%organic matter,1.86%TN,1.56%TP(P_(2)O_(5)),1.59%TK(K_(2)O),which basically met the national organic fertilizer(NY525-2012).The yield and polysaccharide content of water spinach obtained from chicken manure and rice chaff organic fertilizer were higher than that of chemical fertilizer.The recovery of magnesium ammonium phosphate(MAP)from ammonia recovery system could effectively improve the overall fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer.The results will provide a theoretical basis for the further popularization and application of the new high temperature aerobic composting device.

关 键 词：好氧堆肥 鸡粪 谷壳 有机肥 氨回收 磷酸铵镁 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]