三代以下折衷于朱子——张履祥对《四书》的新诠及约礼之学  

Thoughts of the Four Books after the Zhou Dynasty was Adjusted by Zhu Xi——Zhang Lvxiang s Reinterpretation of the Four Books and Thoughts of Standardizing People s Behavior with Etiquette

作　　者：张天杰[1] 王龙强 Zhang Tianjie;Wang Longqiang(School of Public Administration,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311121)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《嘉兴学院学报》2021年第3期5-15,共11页Journal of Jiaxing University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(13&ZD060)。

摘　　要：明末清初是《四书》学发展演进的重要时期,在“由王返朱”思潮之中张履祥是一位值得关注的学者,他还在《四书》的诠释上对朱子学多有发明。他一生的治学以《四书》为核心,“祖述孔孟,宪章程朱”,将《论》《孟》《学》《庸》贯通“一辙”,其宗旨为“约礼”之学,《四书》其他道理如“视听言动”可谓“约礼”之“目”;《中庸》之义“须臾不可离也”,故“行准中庸”而强调须落实于“伦常日用”。就如何笃实践履而言,他对于《四书》的新诠,使其成为“朱子以后五百年来闻知之一人”以及入祀孔庙的儒家圣贤。The late Ming and early Qing dynasties is the important period in the development and evolution of the Four Books.In the trend of returning focus from Wang Yangming to Zhu Xi,Zhang Lvxiang is a scholar worthy of our attention.He also derives many new thoughts of Zhu Xi study from the interpretation of the Four Books which is the focus of his lifelong work.Adhering to Confucius,Mencius and Chen-Zhu s thoughts,he integrates the Four Books into one system whose gist is the thoughts of standardizing people s behavior with etiquette which includes other principles in the Four Books such as the ones about looking,listening,talking and behaving as the contents.The principle of The Doctrine of the Mean should be followed at all times,so it is necessary to emphasize that the doctrine must be practiced and implement in daily life.In terms of this aspect,his reinterpretation of the Four Books makes him an outstanding scholar and a Confucian saint who is worshipped in the Temple of Confucius.

关 键 词：张履祥 明末清初 朱子学 四书 约礼之学 

分 类 号：K892.9[历史地理—民俗学]