南方油橄榄适宜良种及其授粉品种筛选  

Screening of Outstanding Olive Varieties and Compatable Pollinizers for Southern China

作　　者：牛二利 傅玉楼 刘丽娥 朱申龙[1] NIU Erli;FU Yulou;LIU Li'e;ZHU Shenlong(Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utiliation,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310021;Zhejiang Loquan Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co.,Ltd,Lishui,Zhejiang 323700)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所,浙江杭州310021 [2]浙江绿泉农业科技开发有限公司,浙江丽水323700

出　　处：《核农学报》2021年第4期960-968,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项(2013DFG32780)。

摘　　要：为筛选适宜我国南方红壤区雨热同步气候条件的油橄榄良种及其配套授粉品种,本研究选用10个油橄榄品种(豆果、费切罗、佛奥、柯基、丽蒙娜、小苹果、尼Ⅰ、贝·诺切拉、佩兰扎纳和塔吉)在浙江省丽水市进行为期5年的田间试验,分析比较了不同品种的营养生长、鲜果产量和含油率等性状指标。结果表明,尼Ⅰ、豆果和柯基3个品种具有以下优良特性:树形中等,树高和冠幅分别介于357.7~380.0 cm和342.5~369.2 cm之间;适应性较强,新梢落叶率低,为13.9%~17.0%;早实,幼树期均为2年;初果期第3年挂果株率分别达100%、90%和65%,单株产量分别为16.4、10.9和5.9 kg,分居参试品种(同一自然年份)前三位;果实含油率中等,分别为11.4%、10.5%和7.5%,是我国南方发展油橄榄的适宜良种。进一步研究发现,上述3个品种自花可实,自花坐果率为1.1%~4.2%,但自然坐果率和异花坐果率更高,分别为3.1%~9.9%和2.4%~10.3%,因此建园时有必要配置适宜的授粉品种,具体为尼Ⅰ×柯基、豆果×佩兰扎纳以及柯基×豆果。本研究对油橄榄良种筛选进行了有益的探索,对南方发展油橄榄生产具有现实的指导意义。In order to screen outstanding varieties of olive and their pollinizers suitable for growing in the red soil region with rain-heat synchronous climate conditions of southern China, ten olive varieties(Arbequina, Fecciaro, Frantoio, Koroneiki, Limona, Manzanilla, Nichiskii Ⅰ, Nocellara del belice, Peranzana and Taggiasca) were used for field experiments in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province for five years. The traits of vegetative growth, fresh fruit output and oil content were studied. The results showed that Nichiskii Ⅰ, Arbequina and Koroneiki had the following excellent characteristics: Medium tree shapes with tree height and crown width of 357.7~380.0 cm and 342.5~369.2 cm, respectively;strong adaptability with defoliation rate of shoots as low as 13.9%~17.0%;early bearing with vegetative stages of 2 years;good fruiting tree rates of 100%, 90% and 65% in the third year of initial bearing stage and fruit outputs of 16.4 kg, 10.9 kg and 5.9 kg per tree, ranking the top three in all tested varieties;medium oil contents of 11.4%, 10.5% and 7.5%, respectively, which are elite varieties adapting for growing in southern China. Further research found that those three varieties were all self-fertile with fruit setting rates of 4.2%, 1.1% and 2.9%, respectively, but the fruit setting rates of open-pollination and cross-pollination were even higher, reaching 3.1%~9.9% and 2.4%~10.3%, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to allocate suitable pollinizers in olive orchards, with the specifical allocation as Nichiskii Ⅰ×Koroneiki, Arbequina×Peranzana and Koroneiki×Arbequina. This study will benefit the selection of outstanding olive varieties and has practical guiding significance for the development of olive industry in southern China.

关 键 词：油橄榄 中国南方 品种筛选 授粉品种 

分 类 号：S565.7[农业科学—作物学]