乌梁素海流域水文地球化学演化及水盐运移  

Hydrogeochemical Evolution and Water and Salt Migration in the Wuliangsuhai Watershed

作　　者：侯庆秋 董少刚 高东辉 马铭言 陈悦 HOU Qingqiu;DONG Shaogang;GAO Donghui;MA Mingyan;CHEN Yue(College of Ecology and Environment,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010021,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environmental Engineering Assessment Center,Hohhot 010021,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生态与环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [2]内蒙古自治区河流与湖泊生态重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [3]内蒙古自治区环境工程评估中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2021年第1期108-114,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：内蒙古“一湖两海”科技重大专项项目(ZDZX2018054);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2018MS04004);国家自然科学基金项目(41562020);内蒙古大学硕士研究生科研创新项目(11200-121024)。

摘　　要：乌梁素海是深受国际社会关注的湿地生态系统保护区。该文以乌梁素海-地下水系统为研究对象,利用数理统计、水化学类型分析等方法探究地下水化学特征及演变规律。基于对区域水文地质资料收集、现场勘测、水样采集分析的基础上,揭示了乌梁素海流域地下水补径排特征,地表水和地下水的水力联系,进而确定出地下水对乌梁素海水分及盐分的补给量,定量分析了地下水补给对乌梁素海的影响。结果表明:(1)地下水从补给区到排泄区,TDS逐渐增加,水化学类型由重碳酸型到硫酸型再到盐酸型;(2)潜水每年约向湖泊补给2 398.7万m3,76 785.5 t盐分;承压水每年约向乌梁素海补给889.1万m3,15 895.4 t盐分。(3)地下水对乌梁素海补给量约占湖泊蓄水量11.0%~13.2%,盐量补给约占湖水含盐量的23.6%~28.3%。近年来开展的生态补水工程,初步抑制了乌梁素海"咸化",基本维持了湿地生态系统稳定。Wuliangsuhai Lake is a wetland ecosystem protection area which attracts the attention of the international community. Taking the Wuliangsuhai Lake-groundwater system as the research object, this paper uses mathematical statistics, hydrochemical type analysis and other methods to explore the chemical characteristics and evolution rules of groundwater. Based on the regional hydrogeological data collection, field survey, as well as the analysis of water samples, the watershed groundwater runoff characteristic, the connection of surface water and groundwater were revealed, and then the groundwater recharge to the moisture and salt was calculated, the influence of groundwater recharge to Wuliangsuhai Lake was quantitative analyzed. The results show that from the recharge area to the discharge area, TDS gradually increases,and the hydrochemical types change from bicarbonic acid type to sulfuric acid type and then to hydrochloric acid type.Unconfined groundwater supplies 23 987 000 m3 and 76 785.5 tons of salt to the lake every year, while confined groundwater supplies 8.891 million m3 and 15 895.4 tons of salt to Wuliangsuhai Lake every year. Groundwater recharge accounts for 11.0%~13.2% of the lake’s water storage and 23.6%~28.3% of the lake’s salt content. In recent years, ecological water replenishment projects have initially inhibited the"salinization"of Wuliangsuhai Lake and basically maintained the stability of wetland ecosystem.

关 键 词：水化学特征 地下水 水均衡 水盐运移 乌梁素海 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]