抵抗设计排斥的城市公园包容性设计理论  

Research on the Theory of Inclusive Design for Urban Parks Resisting Design Exclusion

作　　者：周兆森 林广思[1,2] ZHOU Zhaosen;LIN Guangsi(School of Architecture,South China University of Technology;State Key Lab of Subtropical Building Science(SKLSBS)and Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture(GZMKLLA),South China University of Technology)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学建筑学院 [2]华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室和广州市景观建筑重点实验室

出　　处：《风景园林》2021年第5期36-41,共6页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号51678242);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金自然科学基金面上项目(编号2019A1515010483)。

摘　　要：城市公园存在较为明显的游憩使用分异,弱势群体的游憩机会及游憩体验得不到保障。为了实现公园游憩的景观公正,包容性设计理念逐渐受到关注。首先,通过文献研究与分析引入设计排斥的概念,对包容性设计的内涵、对象及目标做进一步界定,认为包容性设计即通过抵抗设计排斥来解决城市公园的游憩不公正问题。其次,分析被动排斥与主动排斥的产生过程及影响因素,指出包容性包括游憩者外在使用需求的包容及内在心理感知的包容。最后,基于对包容性内涵的理解,指出包容性设计的研究视角应关注各类游憩者的能力及使用需求差异、群体间使用需求的重叠与冲突、游憩者对场地的使用方式及积极的情感体验,重点设计出适合各类群体的多样化空间、促进有序社会交往的共享空间,并借助通用设计方法与场所依恋理论提升游憩者对场地的场所认同感。There are obvious differentiation of recreational use in urban parks,and the lack of guarantee of recreational opportunities and experiences of vulnerable groups.To realize the landscape justice of recreation in urban parks,the concept of"inclusive"design has gained more and more attention.First,by introducing the concept of"design exclusion",this research defines the object,objective and process of inclusive design,believing that inclusive design can reduce the recreation inequity in urban parks by resisting the design exclusion.Second,this research analyzes the characteristics and factors of"passive exclusion"and"active exclusion",pointing out that inclusive design comprises the inclusion of external usage requirements and internal psychological perception.Finally,based on the understanding of the connotation of inclusiveness,it proposes that the research perspective of inclusive design should focus on the differences in the abilities and needs of various groups of visitors,as well as the overlap and conflict of the requirements among the groups,and the usage and positive emotional experience in urban parks.We suggest that designers and researchers should create diversified spaces suitable for recreational characteristics of all groups,alleviate recreational conflicts,promote shared space,popularize universal design and explore the logic of environmental design method for visitors to develop the sense of place identity with the help of the place attachment theory.

关 键 词：城市公园 包容性 社会分异 景观公正 通用设计 场所依恋 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]