林业结构改革的日本实践:背景、措施与启示  

The Japanese Practice of Forestry Structural Reform: theBackground,Implementation Measures and Enlightenment

作　　者：罗攀柱[1] LUO Panzhu(Business College,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学商学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期63-73,共11页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“互联网情景下农民合作社治理结构研究”(17BJY092);湖南省林下经济发展省级项目“湖南省林下经济产业发展经营模式构建研究”(SFX201901)。

摘　　要：集体林业产权制度改革是奠定我国集体林业市场经济体制的基础性工作,是促进我国集体林业生产经营可持续发展的制度性保障。已有的研究主要着眼于集体林改的规范性的理论研究和实证性实践研究,与国外的相关比较研究鲜见。我国集体林业所有制和日本民有林的性质极为相近,且均为小规模经营,具有较强的可借鉴性。日本推进林业结构改革政策是在林业与其它行业收入差距不断扩大,山村人口急剧流出,低价进口材打压日本国产材,林业生产经营环境不断恶化的背景下展开的。自1964年《林业基本法》实施以来,日本展开林业结构改革,先后采用完善立法、体制、机制和政策,严格制定计划和标准,构建融资平台,采取差异性措施等手段,奠定了日本林业现代化的基础。借鉴日本经验,我国集体林权制度改革应该立足国情,加强理论研究,完善和健全法律法规,把握林业生产经营特点,注重林改“硬件”和“软件”改革同时并进,加强林改工作的计划性和科学性,明确实施主体的差异性,构建系统的管理协调机制等。By carrying out the reformation of collective forestry property right system is the basic work to establish the market economic system of China’s collective forestry,and also be the institutional guarantee to promote the sustainable development of China’s collective forestry production and operation.The existing research mainly focuses on the normative theoretical research and empirical practice research of collective forest reform,however,the comparative research with foreign countries’experience is rare.China and Japan share many similarities in the nature of collective forestry ownership,especially the small-scale management,which contains great value of reference.The background of applying forestry structural reform policies in Japan include several features,for example,the increasing gap between the incomes of forestry and other industries,the rushing out of rural population,the competition from low-price import timbers,the continuing deterioration of the environment of forestry production and operation.Since the publication of“The Basic Law of Forestry”in 1964,Japan’s forestry structural reform has laid a concrete foundation of the forestry modernization in Japan through improving legislation,management system and mechanism,related policies,strict planning and high standards,building funding platforms,and applying differentiation measures.Therefore,according to the experience from Japan,China’s collective forestry property right system reform should pay attention to the following aspects:Depending on the real conditions,strengthen theoretical research,improving legislation,keeping the balance between the development of both hardware and software of reformation,enhancing the scientific and planned nature of reform works,defining the differentiation among major entities,and building systematic managing and coordinating mechanism.

关 键 词：日本林业结构改革 林业政策 林业现代化 集体林权制度改革 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]