养老机构老年人心理社会支持服务需求Kano属性及影响因素分析  

Kano attribute for elderly psychosocial support service demand in pension institutions and its influencing factors analysis

作　　者：刘晓楚 顾立 鞠梅 张润[1] LIU Xiaochu;GU Li;JU Mei;ZHANG Run(Department of Nursing,Luzhou People′s Hospital,Luzhou,Sichuan 646000,China;School of Pharmacy,Southwest Medical University,Luzhou,Sichuan 646000,China;School of Nursing,Southwest Medical University,Luzhou,Sichuan 646000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省泸州市人民医院护理部,646000 [2]西南医科大学药学院,四川泸州646000 [3]西南医科大学护理学院,四川泸州646000

出　　处：《重庆医学》2021年第9期1586-1590,共5页Chongqing medicine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(16XSH017);四川省科技厅项目(2014TSX-0176);四川省泸州市科技局科技计划项目(2020-RCM-67)。

摘　　要：目的探讨养老机构老年人心理社会支持服务需求属性及其影响因素。方法于2019年2-6月抽取四川省27家养老机构内773名老年人为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、孤独感量表(ULS-8)、社会网络量表(LSNS)及自制养老机构老年人心理社会支持服务需求卡诺(Kano)属性问卷进行调查。结果在改进Kano模型细分下,11项心理社会支持服务可以划分为2项比较必备型需求(M1),4项期望型需求(O),1项不太魅力型需求(A3),4项无差异型需求(I);因子分析结果显示,机构老年人的心理社会支持服务需求可以划分为心理抚慰需求、支持保障需求、互助参与需求3种属性特征;多元线性逐步回归结果显示,孤独感、功能性共患病指数、年龄是老年人心理抚慰需求的主要影响因素,每月机构照护费用、退休前职业、文化程度是老年人支持保障需求的主要影响因素,每月机构照护费用、户口所在地、文化程度、年龄是老年人互助参与需求的主要影响因素。结论本研究中养老机构老年人有较高的心理社会支持服务需求,机构应注意在对老年人的心理社会服务需求进行属性划分的基础上进行服务需求的针对性满足。Objective To investigate the attribute and influencing factors of the elderly psychological support service demand in the institutions offering services for the elderly in Sichuan Province.Methods The general information questionnaire,ULS-8,LSNS and self-designed the Kano attribute questionnaire of the elderly psychosocial support service demand in the pension institutions were adopted to conduct the survey on 773 elderly people extracted from 27 pension institutions in Sichuan Province from February to June 2019.Results Under the subdivision of the improved Kano model,11 psychosocial support services could be divided into 2 items of the comparative essential type requirements(M1),4 items of expectation type requirements(O),1 item of less attractive type requirements(A3)and 4 items of non-difference type requirements(I);the factor analysis results showed that the elderly psychosocial support service requirements could be divided into three attributes characteristics of psychological comfort requirement,support security requirements and mutual assistance participation requirement;the multiple linear stepwise regression results showed that the aloneness,functional comorbidity index and age were the main influencing factors of the elderly psychological comfort requirements,the monthly institutional care costs,pre-retirement occupation and cultural degree were the main influencing factors of the elderly support security requirements,the monthly institutional care costs,household registration location,cultural degree and age were the main influencing factors of the elderly mutual participation requirements.Conclusion In this study,the elderly in the pension institutions have the higherpsychosocial support services requirements.The institutions should pay the attention to conduct the targeted satisfaction of service requirements based on the attribute division of the elderly′s psychosocial service demand.

关 键 词：养老机构 老年人 心理社会支持服务 需求属性 KANO模型 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]