土壤水分对冬烟旺长期光合作用的影响  

Effects of Soil Moisture on Photosynthesis of Winterly Tobacco During Vigorous Growing Stage

作　　者：陈小龙 卫剑 尹光庭 王松岭 段卫东 王建伟[2] 张展 CHEN Xiao-long;WEI Jian;YIN Guang-ting;WANG Song-ling;DUAN Wei-dong;WANG Jian-wei;ZHANG Zhan(China Tobacco Henan Industiral Co.,Ltd.,Henan Zhengzhou 450000,China;Zhengzhou Tobacco Research of CNTC,Henan Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中烟工业有限责任公司,河南郑州450000 [2]中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第4期739-746,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南中烟工业有限责任公司重点科技项目“基地单元烟叶质量数据库的建立与应用”(ZW201826)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确土壤水分对冬烟旺长期光合作用的影响。【方法】采用称重法控制盆栽土壤水分,设置4个土壤相对含水量处理,测定各处理烟株的光合作用日变化参数、气孔特征和叶绿素含量。【结果】(1)在不同土壤水分条件下冬烟的净光合速率、蒸腾速率日变化曲线均出现"单峰"和"双峰"两种类型。随着土壤水分的减少,冬烟的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度以及胞间CO_2浓度日均值逐渐降低,并且日进程存在较大差异。(2)在不同水分条件下影响冬烟光合作用和蒸腾作用的主要因子具有明显不同,水分充足时光合有效辐射是主要影响因子,但在缺水环境下主要影响因子是气孔导度。(3)适度干旱会提高冬烟的水分利用率,并且烟株在上午的水分利用率高于下午。(4)土壤水分对叶片气孔特征作用明显,叶片气孔大小和面积随土壤水分的减少而降低,但气孔密度却升高。(5)土壤水分对叶片光合色素作用明显,减少水分会降低光合色素含量,其中叶绿素b的下降幅度最大,其次是叶绿素a,类胡萝卜素的下降幅度最小。【结论】冬烟在旺长期内对水分十分敏感,缺水会造成叶片功能受损和光合能力下降,为保证冬烟的正常生长发育,烟株旺长期内土壤相对含水量应保持在65%以上。【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of soil moisture on photosynthesis of winterly tobacco during vigorous growing stage.【Method】The soil moisture content was controlled by weighing method and the water gradient was set to 4,daily dynamics of photosynthetic characteristics,stomatal characteristics and chlorophyll of winterly tobacco under different soil moisture conditions were determined.【Result】(i)The daily dynamics of net photosynthetic and transpiration rate of winterly tobacco leaves under different soil moisture levels were in the form of double peaks curve and single peak curves.The mean daily values of net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of winterly tobacco were decreased with the soil moisture reduced,and the diurnal processes were quite different under different soil moisture.(ii)The main limiting factor affecting photosynthesis and transpiration of winterly tobacco under the condition of sufficient water was photosynthetically active radiation,but stomatal conductance was the main limiting factor in water deficient environment.(iii)Water use efficiency of winterly tobacco would be improved in moderate drought conditions,and it was higher in the morning than in the afternoon.(iv)The effect of soil moisture on stomatal characteristics of leaf was obvious.The size and area of the stomata was decrescent with the water reduced,but the stomatal density increased.(v)The effect of soil water on photosynthetic pigments in leaves was obvious,photosynthetic pigment content was decreased with the soil moisture reduced,the decrease of chlorophyll b was greater than that of chlorophyll a,and the reduction in carotenoids was minimal.【Conclusion】Winterly tobacco is very sensitive to soil moisture during vigorous growing stage,lack of water leads to impaired leaf function and decreased photosynthesis,in order to ensure the growth and development of winterly tobacco flourishing,the soil relative water content s

关 键 词：冬烟 光合作用 土壤水分 气孔特征 叶绿素 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]