通风速率对鸡粪-烟末联合堆肥腐熟度和污染气体排放的影响  

Effects of Aeration Rate on Maturity and Polluted Gas Emission in Chicken Manure and Tobacco Wastes Co-composting

作　　者：芶久兰[1] 罗文海[2] 袁京[2] 李国学[2] 柳玲玲[1] 张邦喜 GOU Jiu-lan;LUO Wen-hai;YUAN Jing;LI Guo-xue;LIU Ling-ling;ZHANG Bang-xi(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guizhou Guiyang 550006,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第4期872-879,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“鸡粪混合堆肥过程中减臭增效关键技术研究与示范”[黔科合支撑(2018)2341];国家重点研发计划“农业废弃物农业废弃物好氧发酵过程中碳氮转化损失规律与氨挥发调控技术研究”(2016YFD0800601)。

摘　　要：【目的】为减少堆肥过程中NH_(3)、N_(2)O及CH_(4)排放造成环境污染,并改善有机粪肥堆肥的腐熟度。【方法】设置3种通风条件:通风速率为0.2、0.4及0.6 L/(kg DM·min),探讨其对鸡粪-烟末联合堆肥过程中NH_(3)、N_(2)O和CH_(4)排放及堆肥腐熟度的影响。【结果】经过35 d的好氧堆肥,3种通风条件下堆肥温度55℃均能持续8 d以上,达无害化卫生标准,堆肥产品对作物生长无毒害作用,但堆肥腐熟度均未达腐熟标准;整个堆肥过程以CH_(4)-C和CO_(2)-C形式损失的碳素占堆肥总有机碳损失的38.57%~49.97%,以NH_3-N和N_(2)O-N形式损失的氮素占堆肥总氮损失的37.56%~46.83%。【结论】综合考虑堆肥腐熟度及碳氮损失量认为,鸡粪-烟末联合堆肥适宜通风速率为0.4 L/(kg DM·min)。【Objective】The present study aimed to reduce environmental pollution caused by NH_(3),N_(2)O and CH_(4) emissions in process of composting,and to improve the maturity of organic mature composting.【Method】Three aeration rates,including 0.2,0.4 and 0.6 L/(kg DM·min),are set up to discuss the effects on composting maturity and NH_(3),N_(2)O and CH_(4) emission in process of chicken manure and tobacco waste co-composting.【Result】After 35 days aerobic composting,55℃composting temperature could last more than 8 days under three aeration conditions,reaching harmless sanitation standard.The composting product had no toxic effect on crop growth,however,the composting maturity could not reach the maturity standard.The loss of carbon in forms of CH_(4)-C and CO_(2)-C accounted for 38.57%-49.97%of total organic carbon loss in the whole process of composting,while the loss of nitrogen in forms of NH_(3)-N and N_(2)O-N accouned for 37.56%-46.83%of total nitrogen loss.【Conclusion】Considering composting maturity,and carbon and nitrogen loss comprehensively,the optimum aeration rate of chicken manure and tobacco waste co-composting is 0.4 L/(kg DM·min).

关 键 词：鸡粪-烟末 联合堆肥 腐熟度 温室气体 氨气 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]