生态环境因子对桉树枝瘿姬小蜂种群的影响  

Influences of Eecological Environment on Population of Leptocybe invasa

作　　者：陈元生[1] 闫闯[1] 黄名广 CHEN Yuan-sheng;AN Chuang;HUANG Ming-guang(Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College,Jiangxi Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西环境工程职业学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第4期905-910,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江西省科技支撑计划项目(20132BBF60035);江西省林业科技创新项目(赣林科字[2017]106号201713)。

摘　　要：【目的】桉树枝瘿姬小蜂是危害桉树的重要致瘿性害虫,受多种内外因素影响。本文旨在摸清生态环境因子与桉树枝瘿姬小蜂发生的关系,以便于及时掌握其发生动态及有效防控该蜂。【方法】利用黄色粘虫板、采用样地系统调查与室内饲养观察相结合的方法,调查与分析了温度、寄主种类、树高、坡向、坡位等5种生态因子对桉树枝瘿姬小蜂种群的影响。【结果】在气候因子中,温度是影响桉树枝瘿姬小蜂种群动态的主导因子,该蜂成虫出蜂量与温度密切相关,表现出正相关趋势(R^(2)=0.8918)。不同桉树林内桉树枝瘿姬小蜂成虫种群数量存在显著差异,表现为无性系DH201-2>窿缘桉>大叶桉。桉树枝瘿姬小蜂发生率、虫瘿数量与桉树树高呈显著负相关(R^(2)≥0.8684),且主要危害4 m以下的桉树林;该蜂虫瘿主要分布在离地面1~3 m的高度范围内。在巨桉林内,在立地因子中,坡向、坡位显著影响桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的发生危害及虫瘿数量。就坡向而言,桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的虫瘿数量南坡>东坡≈西坡>北坡;就坡位而言,该蜂虫瘿数量下坡>中坡>上坡。【结论】掌握气候因子、食物因子、立地因子等生态因子对桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的发生危害和种群数量的影响规律,有助于为害虫的监测和防控工作打下坚实理论基础。【Objective】Leptocybe invasa is an important gall causing pest to Eucalyptus,which is affected by many internal and external factors.The present paper aimed to find out the relationship between the ecological environment factors and the occurrence of L.invasa,so as to grasp its occurrence dynamics in time and effectively prevent and control the wasp.【Method】The effects of several ecological factors,such as temperature,host,tree height,slope and so on,on the population of L.invasa were investigated and analyzed by using the method of yellow sticky board,systematic investigation of sample plot and indoor feeding observation.【Result】The results showed that temperature was the dominant factor affecting the population dynamics of the wasp,among the climatic factors.The amount of adult wasps was closely related to temperature,showing a positive correlation trend(R^(2)=0.8918).There were significant differences in the number of adult population of L.invasa in different Eucalyptus forest.DH201-2>E.exserta>E.robusta.The occurrence rate and the number of galls were negatively correlated with the height of Eucalyptus(R^(2)≥0.8684),and it was mainly harmful to Eucalyptus forest below 4 meters.The galls were mainly distributed in the height range of 1-3 meters from the ground.Among the site factors,the direction and position of slope significantly affected the occurrence and quantity of galls.In the E.grandis forest,in terms of aspect of slope,the number of the galls of L.invasa was the most in the south slope,the second was the east slope and the west slope,and the lowest was the north slope.As far as the slope position was concerned,the number of the wasp galls was downhill>middle slope>uphill.【Conclusion】It is helpful to lay a solid theoretical foundation for pest monitoring and control,by mastering the law of ecological factors on the occurrence and damage and population quantity of L.invasa,such as climate factors,food factors and site factors.

关 键 词：桉树枝瘿姬小蜂 生态因子 温度 树高 坡向 坡位 种群 

分 类 号：S763.43[农业科学—森林保护学]