制度、开发与认同:元朝对贵州土司的治理及其影响  

The Governance of Guizhou Chieftains in Yuan Dynasty and Its Influence

作　　者：咸成海 XIAN Chenghai

机构地区：[1]遵义师范学院历史文化与旅游学院,贵州遵义563002

出　　处：《西部蒙古论坛》2021年第1期14-21,M0003,共9页Journal of the Western Mongolian Studies

基　　金：2019年遵义师范学院博士基金项目“元代自然灾害及其治理研究”(遵师BS[2019]19号);2021年度贵州省教育厅高等学校人文社会科学研究项目“贵州区域道教宫观建筑研究”(2021ZC142)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：土司体制是元朝为巩固其有效统治而逐渐形成的制度,反映出元朝在地方行政管理方面具有不同以往的一些特色。贵州土司在西南古代历史上影响较大。南宋亡国后,元政府对贵州土司从政治、军事、经济等多方面进行了全面治理。由此,贵州土司发生了明显的变化:对中央的依赖与认同进一步强化;传统文化开始向土司内部渗透。大体言之,元朝重视贵州土司之缘由主要有三:其一,此处山川控扼,少数民族势力强大;其二,是驿道必经之咽喉重地,为驿道之交会枢纽;其三,设有盛产"国马"的大型牧马场。The Chieftain System is one of the main contents of the new development pattern after the Yuan Dynasty unified the north and the south,which reflects the local administration of the Yuan Dynasty has some characteristics different from the past.The Governance of Guizhou chieftains has great influence in the ancient history of Southwest China.After the fall of Southern Song Dynasty,the Yuan government carried out comprehensive governance on Guizhou chieftains from politics,military,economy,education and other aspects.From this,Guizhou chieftains changed obviously:dependence on and identification with the central government was further strengthened;traditional culture began to permeate into the interior of chieftain area.Generally,there are three reasons why the Yuan Dynasty attached importance to Guizhou chieftains:first of all,the mountains are high and the roads are dangerous,the power of ethnic minorities was very strong.Secondly,it was the bottleneck point on the postal track,being the intersection hinge of several important postal lines.Finally,there were large horse farms rich in state horses.

关 键 词：元代 土司制度 贵州 影响 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]