目标树经营:德国经验与湖北实践  

Target Tree Management:German Experience and Hubei Practices

作　　者：郭诗宇 胡伯特·福斯特 陈幸良[3] Guo Shiyu;Hubert Forster;Chen Xingliang(Hubei Ecology Polytechnic College,Wuhan 430200,China;GFA Consulting Group,Hamburg 22345,Germany;Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北生态工程职业技术学院,武汉430200 [2]德国GFA技术咨询公司,德国汉堡22345 [3]中国林业科学研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《世界林业研究》2021年第2期14-20,共7页World Forestry Research

基　　金：中德技术合作项目“近自然森林经营研究”(ZDJSHZ202001);中德财政合作项目“森林营造与可持续经营研究”(zdhz2017ky01)。

摘　　要：德国是近自然林业的发源地,目标树经营法是近自然林业的重要操作方法。长期以来,德国高等院校和林业科研机构对目标树经营法进行了多方位的研究,形成了不同的经营模式,影响较大的有弗莱堡模式、巴伐利亚模式和罗腾堡模式。借鉴德国的经验,文中在进行大量调查研究的基础上,设计了基于湖北实际的目标树经营法。核心内容是:以平均胸径10 cm和郁闭度0.8作为采用目标树经营法的准入依据,以目标胸径作为确定目标树密度和间距的主要尺度,以目标树平均胸径增加3 cm作为进行下一次经营决策的判断标准。结合湖北省正在实施的中德财政合作森林可持续经营项目和木材战略储备项目,对设计的目标树经营法进行了实践验证,结果表明,设计的目标树经营法在项目实践中切实可行、省工省力,有利于提高森林质量、改善林分结构、增加生物多样性。Close-to-nature forestry germinates from Germany,and the target tree management is the main approach of close-to-nature forestry.For a long time,universities and forestry institutes in Germany have conducted research on target tree management from different angles,and gradually developed several different management modes,among which Freiburg mode,Bavarian mode and Rottenburg mode are the most influential ones.Based on the experiences of Germany and thorough investigations,this paper proposes a target tree management mode for Hubei Province.The core is as follows:forest stands which have average Diameter at Breast Height(DBH)around 10 cm and canopy cover around 0.8 are considered as suitable for applying this mode.Target DBH is taken as a main scale to determine density and spacing of target trees,and the increase of average DBH by 3 cm is regarded as an indicator for the next management decision.In the ongoing Sino-German Financial Cooperation Project of Sustainable Forest Management and Strategic Timber Reserve Project in Hubei province,this target tree management mode designed for Hubei is practically verified.The results show that,the designed mode for the projects is practical,time-and energy-saving,and beneficial for stand quality and structure improvement and the biodiversity conservation.

关 键 词：近自然林业 目标树经营 经营模式 实践验证 德国 中国 

分 类 号：S75[农业科学—森林经理学]