从配角到半壁江山:1949年以来中国乡镇煤矿发展述论  

From a Minor Part to a Major Part:China's Township Coal Mine Development ever since 1949

作　　者：薛毅 XUE Yi(School of Marxism,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221115)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学马克思主义学院,江苏徐州221115

出　　处：《湖北理工学院学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第3期14-22,共9页Journal of Hubei Polytechnic University(Humanities And Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“日本侵华时期中国煤矿工人伤亡研究”,项目编号:16BZS090。

摘　　要：乡镇煤矿包括乡、村举办的集体煤矿,部分农民经营的合作煤矿及农民家庭经营的个体煤矿,是中国独特的国情与农村经济改革相结合的产物。在中国,民间采用土法开采煤炭已有数千年的历史。自20世纪80年代改革开放以来,中国的乡镇煤矿曾遍及全国除上海、天津、台湾以外的所有省、自治区、直辖市的1200多个县(市),矿井数量最多时达到8万多个,占全国矿井总数的95%以上;拥有矿工200多万人,生产的煤炭年产量最多时接近全国总产量的50%,成为中国煤炭工业和一次能源生产者的重要组成部分。Township coal mines include collective coal mines operated by townships and villages,collaborative coal mines operated by some farmers and individual coal mines run by farmer families,which are the product of the combination of China's unique national conditions and rural economic reforms.In China,private mining of coal has a history of thousands of years.Since the reform and opening up in the 1980s,China's township coal mines have become an important part of China's coal industry and non-renewable energy producers:township coal mines scatter in more than 1,200 counties(cities)in all provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities except Shanghai,Tianjin,and Taiwan with more than 80000 mines at most,accounting for more than 95%of the total mines in China.With more than 2 million miners,the annual output of coal produced by township coal mines was close to 50%of the country's total output at the highest level.

关 键 词：乡镇煤矿 演进 历程 

分 类 号：G127[文化科学]