全文引文分析视角下的造假论文学术影响研究  

Research on the impact of fraudulent paper to the academia from the view of citation analysis in full-text——Case study of two highly cited retracted publications

作　　者：张春博[1] 丁堃[1] 王贤文[1] 刘则渊[1] ZHANG Chun-bo;DING Kun;WANG Xian-wen;LIU Ze-yuan(Science of Science and Management of Science and Technology Research Institute,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学科学学与科学技术管理研究所,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《科学学研究》2021年第4期577-586,共10页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：中国工程院重大咨询项目(2020-ZD-1);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71974030);中国科协高端科技创新智库青年项目(博士生项目)(CXY-ZKQN-2019-031)。

摘　　要：通过施引文献的全文引文分析,展示了高被引造假论文对学术界所造成的微观影响以及撤销前后的影响变化情况,揭示其在学术界造成较大影响的原因以及科学自我纠错机制的作用发挥情况。首先,构建了包括引用情感、引文功能、引用对象以及引文重要性等维度在内的全文引文分析框架。然后,在自然科学与社会科学领域分别选择一篇代表性的高被引撤销论文作为案例样本。基于构建的全文引文分析框架,对这两篇论文的施引文献进行各维度的人工标注和描述分析。高影响力造假论文对学术界的影响巨大,但需全面辩证地看待。其获得很高的被引频次,与造假论文本身价值和学术界的引用时尚均有关系。科学自我纠错机制作用的发挥呈现学科领域的差异性。自然科学领域存在识别问题的能力,论文撤销的净化效果也较好。社会科学领域则基本没有基于科学知识本身的内在纠错机制,论文撤销行为对其后续影响的净化也无显著作用。重复性研究机制很大程度上影响了二者在自我纠错方面的表现差异,包括重复性研究的动力和可行性。Based on citation analysis in full-text to the citing literatures,this paper displays the micro impact of fraudulent paper to the academia and its changes after retraction,and also reveals the reasons for the large impact and the role of self-correction mechanism in science.Firstly,we construct the framework of citation analysis in full-text,which includes dimensions of citing sentiment,citation function,cited object and citation importance.And then,select a representative highly cited retracted publication as sample case in natural science and social science respectively.Based on the framework of citation analysis in full-text,we perform manual annotation and description analysis on their citing literatures.High-impact papers have a huge influence on academia,but it needs to be viewed dialectically.These fraudulent papers get many citations,which is related to the value of the paper itself and citation fashion in its field.Self-correction mechanism in science has different effect in natural and social science.Scientific community can identify the problem,and better purify its effect after retracting in natural science.Otherwise,there is almost no internal correction mechanism based on the scientific knowledge in social science,and retracting hardly works for the purification of subsequent effects.The mechanism of reproducible research,including motivation and feasibility of reproducible research,greatly affects the different performances of self-correction in science between natural science and social science.

关 键 词：造假论文 全文引文分析 撤销论文 学术影响 科学自我纠错 重复性研究 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学] G350