提升集约化香蕉园土壤健康水平的根层调控策略与途径  

Root-zone Management Strategies to Improve Soil Health in an Intensive Banana Orchard

作　　者：张江周 李宝深 ZHANG Jiang-zhou;LI Bao-shen(Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Biotechnology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/植物-土壤相互作用教育部重点实验室,北京100193 [2]广西农业科学院生物技术研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《土壤通报》2021年第2期398-407,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32002133);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0101100,2017YFD0202102)资助。

摘　　要：香蕉是热带亚热带地区一种重要的经济作物,在国际水果贸易中占有重要地位。与世界高产国家相比,我国香蕉生产单产存在较大的产量差,因此,如何消减土壤障碍因子,培育健康土壤,成为香蕉集约化生产中面临的重大挑战。本文提出了蕉园集约化生产根层土壤健康调控的策略:(1)明确香蕉生产中土壤障碍因子,(2)通过根层调控消减土壤障碍因子,(3)提高蕉园土壤生物活性和生态系统服务功能。集约化生产蕉园土壤物理、化学和生物学障碍因子,主要有土壤耕性差、pH低和有机质含量不高、养分有效性低、微生物多样性下降及枯萎病菌等土传病害和香蕉根结线虫为害加剧等。应采用相应的调控策略有增施石灰提高根层土壤pH、改善养分有效性;施用有机改良剂和其他调控措施相结合,在调酸的基础上改善土壤物理性质,提高有机质含量和养分的有效性;施用生物有机肥增加根际土壤有益微生物数量,减轻土传病害。总之,对根层进行综合调控可以提升集约化生产蕉园土壤健康水平和生态系统服务功能,实现香蕉产业提质增效和绿色可持续发展。Banana(Musa spp.)is one of the major cash crops in tropical and subtropical regions.It plays an important role in the international fruit trade.There still exists a big yield gap in banana production between the average yield of banana in China and the highest yield in the world.Hence the banana industry faces grand challenges to overcome soil limiting factors and improve soil heath.A new conceptual strategy was proposed to improve soil health,including(1)identifying soil constraint factors in the intensive banana production,(2)eliminating soil constraint factors by rootzone management strategies,and(3)promoting biological activities and ecosystem services of banana orchards.Soil physical,chemical and biological constraint factors were investigated for intensive banana production.The factors included poor soil tilth,low soil pH,low soil organic matter content,low nutrient availability,loss of microbial diversity,soil-borne diseases(e.g.Fusarium oxysporum)and root-knot nematode disease of banana.Lime applied in the rootzone soil improved soil pH and soil nutrients availabilities.Soil organic amendments combined the other effective measures promoted soil physical structure,soil pH,soil organic matter content and nutrients availabilities.Bio-organic fertilizer reduced soil-borne diseases and enhanced soil beneficial microbial community.In conclusion,root-zone nutrient integrated management will promote soil health and ecosystem service function to achieve the sustainable and green development goals of banana industry in intensive banana orchards.

关 键 词：香蕉 障碍因子 根层调控 土壤健康 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]