风沙区不同种植制度下的土壤风蚀效果研究  

Influence of Different Planting System on Soil Grain Size Distribution Characteristics in Sandstorm Area

作　　者：陈家欢 袁立敏[2] 高永 党晓宏 杨制国 卢立强 梁钰镁 CHEN Jia-huan;YUAN Li-min;GAO Yong;DANG Xiao-hong;YANG Zhi-guo;LU Li-qiang;LIANG Yu-mei(Desert Science and Engineering College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Institute of Forestry Research,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [2]内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《土壤通报》2021年第2期408-415,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(3176030246);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划资助。

摘　　要：为探究不同种植制度对风沙区喷灌圈耕地土壤风蚀效果的影响,以马铃薯-冬闲-玉米轮作(PT)、玉米-冬闲-玉米连作(SF)、马铃薯-燕麦-玉米轮作(WF)三种种植制度的喷灌圈耕地为研究对象,并以周边固定沙地(CK)为对照,春耕前采集表层0~5 cm土壤,用筛分法测定土壤的机械组成,分析土壤粒度参数及颗粒分形维数。结果表明:与CK相比,三种种植制度的耕地0~5 cm土层土壤细砂以下(<0.1 mm)颗粒的含量下降12.83%~42.45%,粗砂颗粒含量上升了284.12%~502.86%,土壤颗粒表现出明显粗化现象,分选性变好,峰态向尖窄化发展,土壤退化严重,说明无论采用何种种植制度均会导致耕地土壤沙化。不同种植制度中,SF、WF相比PT均明显提高了耕地0~5 cm土层土壤细砂以下(<0.1 mm)颗粒的含量,土壤颗粒出现细化趋势,分选性变好,峰态向尖窄化发展,分形维数值增大,表明玉米留茬和马铃薯收获后种植燕麦在风季可以减弱地表风蚀作用,降低耕地表层土壤细颗粒的流失。三种种植制度的偏差在各土层间没有显著差异,说明不同种植制度不足以使喷灌耕地的土壤粒度分配出现较大差异。To explore different cropping system on the effects of the circle of sandstorm sprinkler irrigation farmland soil wind erosion in potato-unimproved-corn crop rotation(PT),corn-unimproved-corn continuous cropping(SF),potato-oatmeal-corn crop rotation(WF)three circle of sprinkler irrigation farmland planting system as the research object,and in the fixed sand(CK)as contrast,before spring collection surface 0-5 cm soil,by screening method was developed for the determination of soil mechanical composition,analysis of soil grain size parameters and particle fractal dimension.Results show that compared with CK,the three cropping system of cultivated land of 0-5 cm soil layer under the sand soil(<0.1 mm)particles by 12.83%-42.45%,the content of coarse sand particles content increased by284.12%-502.86%,the phenomenon of soil particles showed obvious coarsening,sorting sex good,kurtosis to sharp narrowing development,serious soil degradation,shows no matter adopt what kind of cropping system all can cause the soil desertification.Compared different cropping systems,SF,WF PT were significantly improved the arable land,0-5 cm soil layer under the sand soil(<0.1 mm)particles content,soil particles appear trend of refining,sorting sex good,kurtosis to develop in the sharp narrowing,fractal dimension values increase,showed that corn stubble and after harvesting the potato planting oats in the monsoon season can decrease the surface wind erosion,reduce the loss of arable land,surface soil fine particles.There was no significant difference among the three planting systems,indicating that different planting systems were not enough to make a great difference in the soil particle size distribution of irrigated farmland.

关 键 词：土壤风蚀 粒度参数 分形维数 种植制度 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]