自然保护、环境收入与农户生计提升  

Nature Protection,Environmental Capital and Improvement of Households′Livelihood

作　　者：王昌海[1,2] 刘新波[3] WANG Chang-hai;LIU Xin-bo(Rural Development Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,100732;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,100732;Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,100836)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,100732 [2]中国社会科学院生态环境经济研究中心,100732 [3]中国社会科学院经济研究所,100836

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2021年第4期28-42,共15页Shanghai Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“国家公园体制改革背景下我国自然保护区管理体制研究”(项目编号:19BGL191)的阶段成果之一。

摘　　要：建立自然保护区被认为是阻止栖息地和物种退化的重要措施。虽然人们普遍认识到周边社区对保护生物多样性的重要性,但对于自然保护区内的环境资源对当地居民家庭收入的经济重要性的认识是有限的,这阻碍了有效保护政策的制定和实施。本文通过2019年黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区周边社区的486份有效农户数据,以英国国际发展署开发的可持续农户生计框架(SLF)为基础,构建了中国自然保护区周边社区农户生计资本指标体系和量化标准。本文应用结构方程模型(SEM)拟合了环境收入、农户生计之间的逻辑关系,同时应用方差分析检验了不同组别(保护区内外组和不同收入组)农户环境收入的差异。研究结果表明,"环境收入"对"生计资本"的直接影响系数为0.123,且显著正相关;"环境收入"对"生计结果"的总的影响系数为0.205,且显著正相关;此外,生计资本、生计策略以及生计结果之间,均显著正相关。与保护区内的农户家庭相比,保护区外的农户环境收入更高,且在1%水平上显著。本文得出两个层面的政策启示:一是案例点的政策启示。要重视扎龙保护区核心区内的农户生计发展,积极优化与调整功能区,努力提升农户福祉。二是全国层面的政策启示。首先是要增加销售渠道,将保护区内环境产品转化为现金收入,这可以增强低收入群体抵御家庭经济危机的能力;其次是生计资本可以通过中介变量(生计策略)来增强生计结果,即可以通过技能培训、小额贷款等干预措施,丰富农户生计策略,促进家庭收入增加。The study is based on data from 486 valid surveys of households among local communities neighboring Zhalong Nature Reserve,using the sustainable livelihoods framework(SLF)developed by the department for international development(DFID).The index system and quantitative standard of rural households′livelihood capital are constructed for the communities neighboring nature reserves in China.On the basis of literature review,five hypotheses are proposed in this study.In this study,structural equation Modeling(SEM)is used to fit the relationship between environmental income and households′livelihood,and the variance analysis is used to examine the differences of environmental income among different groups(within and outside the protected area).The results show that it is 0.123 for the direct influence coefficient of"environmental income"on"livelihood capital",and it is 0.205 for the total influence coefficient of"environmental income"on"livelihood result",which is a significant positive correlation.There is a significant positive correlation among livelihood capital,livelihood strategy and livelihood outcome.The environmental income of the households outside the protected area was higher and significant at the level of 1%.Two policy implications are as follows:Firstly,it should be increased sales channels for the environmental products into cash income,which would strengthen low-income groups to resist the family economic crisis;Secondly,the livelihood capital can enhance livelihood outcome through livelihood strategy which is the mediating variable,that is,it can enrich households′livelihood strategy and increase household incomethrough skills training,micro-credit and other interventions.

关 键 词：环境收入 生计资本 农户生计 自然保护区 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]