中国反贫困政策演变研究:基于政策文本的量化  

Research on the Evolution of China's Anti-poverty Policy--Based on the Quantitative Analysis of Policy Text

作　　者：徐艳晴[1,2] Xu Yanqing(School of Politics and Public Administration,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学公共管理学院,海口570228 [2]北京大学政府绩效评估研究中心

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第3期41-55,共15页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金“海南省精准扶贫政策有效执行的影响因素与作用机理研究”(718QN223);海南省公共治理研究中心成果。

摘　　要：共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的核心特征,反贫困是党和政府的一贯政策,也是新时代的重大战略。运用内容分析法,基于出台时间及数量、政策目标和政策工具三维框架,对我国反贫困政策文本进行量化分析,并勾勒出政策体系的整体图景及其演进脉络。研究表明,进入精准扶贫时代后反贫困政策的数量呈现爆发性增长。政策目标方面,2001年之前以社会保障为主,2002年后能力提升与服务支持类目标显著增加,之后政策目标的使用总体呈现出以社会保障为主、能力提升与服务支持为辅的演进趋势。政策工具方面,2001年之前以供给型工具为主,2001至2012年间环境型工具的使用逐渐增加,2013年后环境型工具的使用程度仅次于供给型工具,需求型工具的使用大幅增加。在后扶贫时代下,从精准定位政策目标和创新政策工具的使用两方面提出建议,以期为未来的反贫困政策提供启示。Common prosperity is the core feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Anti-poverty is a consistent policy of the party and the government and a major strategy for the new era.Based on the three-dimensional framework of time and quantity of the release,policy objectives and policy tools,this paper uses the content analysis method to quantitatively analyze the texts of anti-poverty policy,and outlines the overall picture and evolution of the policy system.Studies have shown the number of anti-poverty policies has shown explosive growth.In terms of policy objectives,prior to 2001,social security was the main focus.After 2002,capacity improvement and service support objectives increased significantly.The current use of policy objectives generally presents an evolutionary trend in which social security is the mainstay and capacity improvement and service support are supplemented.In terms of policy tools,supply-based tools were the mainstay before 2001,and the use of environmental tools gradually increased from 2001 to 2012.After 2013,the use of environmental tools is almost equal to that of supply tools,and the use of demand tools has increased significantly.In view of this,the policy orientation in the post-poverty era should be further optimized in terms of precise positioning of policy objectives and the use of innovative policy tools,in order to provide enlightenment for future anti-poverty policies.

关 键 词：反贫困 政策文本 量化分析 政策演变 政策工具 政策目标 后扶贫时代 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]