冀中南多样化种植模式的适水效应分析  

Research on water requirements of diversified crop rotations in the middle and southern areas of Hebei Province

作　　者：杨晓琳 梁芳婷 闫菊萍 陈源泉 贾秀领[3] YANG Xiaolin;LIANG Fangting;YAN Juping;CHEN Yuanquan;JIA Xiuling(College of Water Resources&Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050035,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学农学院,北京100083 [3]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,石家庄050035

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2021年第4期1-17,共17页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32071975,31601267);河北省重点研发计划(20326411D-1);荷兰瓦赫宁根大学WIMEK研究基金(5100000360)。

摘　　要：为优化冀中南作物种植结构,本研究以河北省典型地下水漏斗区邢台市为例,基于作物需水SIMETAW模型系统量化1965—2018年冬小麦、春棉花、春玉米、夏谷子、夏大豆和春绿豆等10种主要农作物的生育期需水量与灌溉需水量,针对当地不同降水年型和水资源条件以及不同作物的生育期、生长发育特点和前后茬作物的农学特性等构建11种不同的种植模式,分析不同种植模式需水及降水耦合度等参数。结果表明:1)各作物年均生育期需水量表现为春棉花(515.2mm)>冬小麦(466.6mm)>春玉米(424.9mm)>春油葵(420.0mm)>春甘薯(362.1mm)>春马铃薯(354.2mm)>夏大豆(313.9mm)>夏玉米(298.7mm)>春绿豆(288.1mm)>夏谷子(217.5mm)。2)各作物年均生育期灌溉需水量表现为冬播作物>春播作物>夏播作物。冬小麦年均生育期灌溉需水量最大,为329.2mm;夏谷子最低,为82.8mm。3)传统麦玉一年两熟制周年需水量最大(753.4~780.3mm),相比之下,多样化轮作模式的生育期需水量可显著降低15%~34%,生育期灌溉需水量明显降低9%~32%。春玉米-冬小麦-夏玉米、春玉米-冬小麦-夏谷子、春甘薯-冬小麦-夏玉米和春甘薯-冬小麦-夏谷子等两年三熟制在丰水年、平水年和枯水年下的生育期需水量、灌溉需水量和周年需水量均较低。春绿豆-夏谷子一年两熟模式的年均生育期需水量最低,为504.4mm,年均生育期灌溉需水量为286.8mm。因此,在保证粮食安全的前提下,为减缓河北省地下水位持续下降的趋势,发展适水种植模式是节水农业的重要途径之一。In order to optimize the crop planting structure,this study systematically quantified water requirements of ten staple crops,including winter wheat,spring cotton,spring maize,summer millet,summer soybean,spring mung bean,in Xingtai City,Hebei Province from 1965 to 2018 using SIMETAW model.Further,11 kinds of cropping systems were established based on the local precipitation,water resource,length of crop growing season,crop growth characteristics and their agronomy traits,and the water requirements of these 11 crop rotations were compared.The results showed that:1)The order of water requirement(ETc)in crop growing season was spring cotton(515.2 mm)>winter wheat(466.6 mm)>spring maize(424.9 mm)>spring oil sunflower(420.0 mm)>spring sweet potato(362.1 mm)>spring potato(354.2 mm)>summer soybean(313.9 mm)>summer maize(298.7 mm)>spring mung bean(288.1 mm)>summer millet(217.5 mm).2)Winter wheat had the greatest required irrigation water(ETaw)of329.2 mm,while summer millet had the smallest ETawof 82.8 mm.The order of crop ETaw was winter wheat>springsown crop>summer-sown crop.3)The conventional winter wheat-summer maize(WS)double cropping system had the highest annual ETc,ranging at 753.4-780.3 mm.Compared to the conventional WS rotation,the diversified cropping systems significantly reduced the annual ETc by 15%-34%and the annual ETaw by 9%-32%.Spring maize-winter wheat-summer maize,spring maize-winter wheat-summer millet,spring sweet potato-winter wheatsummer maize,spring sweet potato-winter wheat-summer millet rotations had the lower ETc and ETaw.Spring mung bean-summer millet double cropping system had both the lowest ETc(504.4 mm)and ETaw(286.8 mm).Therefore,development of the water-saving cropping system is the promising option to mitigate the groundwater decline and maintain the food production.

关 键 词：作物需水量 灌溉需水量 适水种植模式 种植模式需水 邢台市 

分 类 号：S344.13[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]